ICSE Solutions for Class 10 History and Civics - Subhash Chandra Bose and the I.N.A.

ICSE Solutions for Class 10 History and Civics – Subhash Chandra Bose and the I.N.A.

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Very Short Questions

Question 1: When and where was Subhas Chandra Bose born?
Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January 1897, 1897 to a pious Bengali family in Cuttack, presently in Orissa.

Question 2: Why did Bose resign from the Indian Civil Service?
Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921.

Question 3: In which year was Bose elected as President of the Congress for the first time?
Answer: In 1938, Subhash was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress for the first time.

Question 4: Who was the Congress leader against whom Bose contested?
Answer: Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya.

Question 5: Name the two organizations founded by Bose in Berlin?
Answer: ‘Free India Centre’ and ‘Free Hind Radio’ were founded by Bose in Berlin.

Question 6: When was the Provincial Government of free India set up by Bose?
Answer: On 21st October 1943, Subhas Chandra Bose proclaimed the formation of the Provisional Government of Independent India.

Question 7: Who was the founder of the ‘Forward Bloc’?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose founded the ‘Forward Bloc’ in the year 1939.

Question 8: Name the party formed by Subhash Chandra Bose.
Answer: The party formed by Subhash Chandra was the ‘Forward Bloc’.

Question 9: What was the immediate objective of the Forward Bloc?
Answer: The main aim was immediate liberation of India.

Question 10: Name any two slogans, which became the battle cry of the INA.
Answer: (i) ‘Delhi Chalo’ (ii) ‘Jai Hind’

Question 11: Who gave the call of ‘Delhi Chalo’ and ‘Total Mobilisations’?
Answer: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.

Question 12: Name the military organisation formed by Subhash Chandra Bose.
Or
Name the organisation of which Subhash Chandra Bose became the Supreme Commander in 1943.
Answer: Indian National Army.

Question 13: Why did the British Government set the prisoners of the Indian National Army free?
Answer: The British Government set the prisoners of the Indian National Army free because the entire country was united on the demand for their acquittal.

Question 14: Who was Rash Behari Bose?
Answer: He was an Indian revolutionary who went to Japan in 1915 and established Indian Independence League in 1942. He played a vital role in raising the Indian National Army.

Short Questions – I

Question 1: Mention two contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose to India’s freedom struggle.
Answer: Two contributions towards India’s freedom movement by Subhash Chandra Bose were:
(i) He formed the INA which incited the armed forces to revolt against the British Raj.
(ii) It was Netaji’s and INA’s struggle against the British which was an important factor for their quitting India.

Question 2: Mention the ideas of the new party.
Answer: Forward Bloc’s immediate objective was to liberate India with the support of workers, peasants, youth and other radical organisations.
Main ideas of the Party:
(i) To develop the economy on socialistic ideas.
(ii) Abolition of landlordism i.e. Zamindari system.
(iii) A new monetary and credit system.

Question 3: State two important objectives of the Indian National Army.
Answer: The two main objectives of the Indian National Army were:
(i) To work towards the liberation of India and the Indians who were staying abroad to serve foreigners.
(ii) To acquire support from outside India and fight against Britain.

Question 4: Mention two-contributions of the Indian National Army (INA) to the Indian Freedom Movement.
Answer: Two contributions of the INA towards Indian freedom movement were:
(i) The INA uprisings inspired the Naval revolts in Bombay in February 1946.
(ii) Trial of the INA officers attracted sympathy and the British had to set them free.

Question 5: Mention any two resolutions passed in Bangkok Conference of the INA.
Answer: (i) Invitation to Subhas Chandra Bose to came from Europe to lead this movement.
(ii) Formation of a Council of Action to control and guide the whole movement.

Short Questions – II

Question 1: Under what circumtances Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the Congress?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose became the Congress President in 1938, showing the influence of the Leftist and Socialist wing in the Congress. He was re-elected the very next year i.e., in 1839 by defeating Gandhi’s candidate, Pattabhi Sitarmayya. Gandhiji felt that the defeat was his, rather than that of Pattabhi. On the question of the formation of the Congress Working Committee, there arose a sharp rift between Gandhiji and Bose. While Bose wanted freedom to choose his own Working Committee, Gandhiji disapproved it because he foresaw a danger of Bose using all means, including violence, in the struggle of independence. The deadlock between the two could not be resolved in spite of the efforts by Nehru and Jayaprakash Narayan. As a result, Bose was left alone, as no none would come forward to join his Working Committee in the face of Gandhiji’s displeasure. So, being rendered helpless, Subhas Chandra Bose resigned from the Congress Presidentship on April 29, 1939, yielding place to Gandhian Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the next President.

Question 2: Mention the circumstances which led to the formation of the Indian National Army.
Answer: Formation of Indian Independence League: During the Second World War Japan had captured more than 40,000 Indian soldiers. These soldiers along with other Indians who were living in the South-East Asia formed the Indian Independence League under the leadership of Rash Behari Bose.

Question 3: Explain three measures taken by Subhash Chandra Bose to establish a socialist society.
Answer: For the establishment of a socialist society Subhash Chandra Bose proposed the following measures:
(i) State planning for the reorganisation of agriculture and industry on socialist lines.
(ii) Abolition of landlordism or the Zamindari system.
(iii) Introduction of a new monetary and credit system.

Question 4: What were the three decisions taken at the Tokyo conference?
Answer: The Tokyo Conference: Tokyo Conference met from 28th March to March 31,1942. The Tokyo Conference was attended by about more than 120 delegates from Burma, Malaya, Thailand, Indo-China, Japan, China etc. The Tokyo Conference passed a resolution to form an ‘Indian National Army’. Mohan Singh took over as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian National Army and Rash Behari Bose was elected as the President. On 26th August 1943 Subhash Chandra Bose officially took charge of the Indian National Army and became its Supreme Commander. At the Tokyo Conference (28 March, 1942), the following decisions were taken:
(i) to expand and strengthen the Indian Independence League.
(ii) to form under the overall command of the League an Indian National Army (INA) i.e., an army for the liberation of India; and
(iii) to hold a Conference at Bangkok to consolidate these decisions.

Long Questions

Question 1: Under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose the Indian National Army launched a frontal attack on the British ports. In this context briefly describe the life of Subhash Chandra Bose.
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. After completing his early education he joined the famous Presidency College at Calcutta. He went to England for higher studies and passed the Indian Civil Service Examination in 1920. He got attracted towards the freedom movement of the country and resigned from the ICS in the following year. He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhiji and was imprisoned for six months in December 1921. He bitterly criticized Gandhiji when he withdrew the movement in 1922. He also participated in Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. He was a strong supporter of socialist ideas. He became the President of Congress with the support of younger elements in the Congress. His differences with Gandhiji reached their height in 1939. Inspite of Gandhiji’s opposition he was again elected President of the Congress in 1939. But he resign from this post and founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 to carry on the freedom struggle while remaining within the Congress.

Question 2: Discuss about the formation of Indian National Army and the INA’s fight for Indian’s freedom.
Answer: On 8th July, 1943, the Indian Independence League announced the formation of the Indian National Army popularly known as ‘Azad Hind Fauz’. It was organized by a large number of Indian soldiers who fell prisoners into the Japanese hands in Malaya, Singapore and Burma. A large number of Indian residents in South East Asia joined the INA. He was called Netaji by the soldiers. He gave the call to his soldiers, ‘Give me blood and I shall give you freedom.’ He set up Recruitment and Training Departments as well Training camps were open for men and women.
Subhash Chandra Bose started his military campaign against Britisher and Netaji got support from Japan to make his mission possible. Japan was recognized as one of the nine world powers. Subhash was able to capture Andaman and Nicobar Islands. After that he gave a tough fight to the British forces in Assam Hills. The main objective of the INA was to capture Imphal but failed to seize Imphal because of Japan’s withdrawal of their forces from the Indo-Burma Border because of their entanglement with the Americans in the Pacific Ocean and another reason was the early onset of rainy season. The bombardment of Hiroshima and Nagasaki forced Japan to surrender in 1945. It was believed that Subhash was killed in an aeroplane accident on his way to Tokyo.
The INA failed in its mission but it set an inspiring example of patriotism before the Indian people. The heroic deeds and sacrifices of the soldiers of INA led to political consciousness among the Indian forces. Thus INA played an important role in Britisher’s final decision to quit India.

Question 3: Summarise the contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose to the National Movement.
Or
Why was Forward Bloc formed?
Answer: (i) Subhash Chandra Bose was a great freedom fighter. Though he passed the Indian Civil Service Examination but decided not to join the service of the British Government. He was an eminent fighter. For his courage, sacrifice and boldness he is popularly known as Netaji.
(ii) Formation of Forward Bloc: Due to his differences with Gandhiji he resigned from the Presidentship of Indian National Congress. In May 1939 he organised a new party known as Forward Bloc. His party’s immediate objective was liberation of India with the support of workers, peasants, youths and other radical organisations.
(iii) INA and Subhash Chandra Bose: Subhash Chandra officially took charge of the Indian National Army in 1943. The soldiers of the I.N.A. fought valiantly along with the Japanese forces and reached upto Imphal and Manipur.
On October 21, 1943 Subhash Chandra announced the formation of the Provisional Government of free India and declared war against the Allies. Andaman and Nicobar Islands were handed over to INA by Japan. ‘Delhi Chalo’ and ‘Jai Hind’ became the battle cry of the INA.
(iv) INA’s Victories in South-East Asia: It was the INA which hoisted Tri colour flag for the first time on the liberated Indian soil on March 19, 1944. INA alongwith Japanese forces continued to hold Burma for almost a year.
(v) INA’s impact on the National Movement: The popularity of INA could be judged from the trail of INA officers—Shah Nawaz, G. S. Dhillon and Prem Seghal. Though the Court martial held them guilty but they were not punished due to demonstrations all over the country. The INA spirit affected the armed forces and Indian Navy also. The Indian Navy rose in revolt at Mumbai in February 1946. The INA though failed in its mission but its soldiers and the leader Subhash Chandra Bose set an inspiring example of patriotism before the Indian people.

Question 4: Explain Subhash Chandra Bose fundamental differences with Gandhiji.
Answer: (i) Subhas Chandra was against Gandhian policies and programme. He had little belief in the constitutional means and peaceful methods for the attainment of freedom. He was a veritable revolutionary and favoured armed struggle to oust and end the British imperialism. He was ready to seek foreign assistance to achieve his goals. He believed in employing tact and diplomacy while dealing with his opponents.
He said that-“Gandhiji’s logic cannot convince the British rulers. He has failed as he always keeps his cards open.”
(ii) He was in favour of socialism and formed the ‘Forward Block’ to establish a socialist society in India after independence. This was against the policy of Mahatma Gandhi.
(iii) Bose advocated that the political instability of war-time Britain should be taken advantage of rahter than simply waiting for the British to grant independence after the end of the war. Gandhiji ad Nehru wanted to adopt a compromising attitude and opposed the national struggle during the war.
(iv) In 1939, Bose launched the National Planning Committee for drawing up a comprehensive plan for industrialisation. However, Gandhiji was opposed to it. He favoured small scale industries to make the villages self-sufficient.
(v) The leaders of the movement of the people of Princely States expected sympathy and cooperation. Bose wanted the Congress to help the people in their struggle for freedom whereas Gandhiji was opposed to any intervention.

Long Questions

Question 1: Mention any three proposals of the Cabinet Mission.
Answer: (i) Federal Government: It recommended a federal type of Government for the whole of India.
(1) The Federal Government (Central Government) was to have only three subjects under its jurisdiction, namely defence, foreign affairs and communications.
(2) The rest of the subjects would be under the control of Princely States.
(ii) Division of Provinces: There would be three group of Provinces.

(iii) Constituent Assembly: A Constituent Assembly consisting of 389 members – 292 members from provinces, 4 from the territories governed by Chief Commissioner and 93 from Indian Princely States would draft the Constitution of India.
(iv) Formation of Interim Government: An Interim Government at the Centre consisting of representatives of all communities would be installed on the basis of parity between the representative of the Hindus and Muslims.
(v) Treaty: It would be necessary to work out a treaty between the Constituent Assembly and the United Kingdom for matters arising out of the transfer of power.
(vi) The Union of India would be free to remain in or walk out of the British Commonwealth. The Plan was to be total accepted or rejected.

Question 2: What was the reactions of the Congress to the Cabinet Mission Plan.
Answer: (i) The Congress accepted the proposals with reservations. It accepted only that part of the scheme which dealt with the Constitution making.
(ii) It considered the Constituent Assembly as a sovereign body for drafting the Constitution.
(iii) The Congress wanted the grouping of the Provinces as optional and not compulsory.
(iv) The Congress, rejected the viceroy’s offer to form an Interim government because of its limited status and powers and also because the principle of parity with Muslim League was not acceptable to it.

Question 3: After the termination of the Second World War the freedom movement entered a new phase. In this context briefly describe the proposals of Lord Wavell.
Answer: Lord Wavell, then proposed Wavell’s plan, which contained the following characteristic features:
(i) The British Government aimed at granting Dominion Status to India in the long-run.
(ii) Indians would be themselves responsible for drawing the new Constitution of India.
(iii) The Viceroy’s Executive Council would consist of Indians only with the exception of the Viceroy and the Commander-in-Chief.
(iv) The Hindus and the Muslims were to be equally represented in the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
(v) The Governor General would retain the veto power which he would use only in the interest of the people of India.
This plan was almost the reproduction of Sir Stafford Cripps plan of March 1942. It only spoke about the reconstruction of the Viceroy’s Executive Council in an amended form.

Question 4: The Mountbatten Plan of June 3, 1947, was accepted by ad parties. What were the Four salient features of the Mountbatten Plan.
Answer: The four salient features of the Mountbatten Plan were:
(i) The Constituent Assembly: The existing Constituent Assembly would continue to work, but the Constitution framed by it would not apply to Pakistan. A separate Constituent Assembly would be constituted for those parts of India which decided in favour of partition.
(ii) The Princely States: Treaties with the Princely States would end and they were free to join either of the two dominions or remain independent.
(iii) A Boundary Commission: A Boundary Commission would be formed to demarcate the boundaries of two dominions.
(iv) Division of Country: The country would be divided into two dominions, i.e., India and Pakistan.

Question 5: Mention four important reasons for the All India Congress Committee accepting the Mountbatten Plan.
Answer: The Congress accepted the Mountbqtten Plan because:
(i) Any delay in the extension of the British rule was considered harmful in India.
(ii) The Congress was assured that ft was not possible to run the administration of the country jointly.
(iii) It was believed that a smaller India with a strong centre would be more powerful than a larger India with a weak federation and a weak centre.
(iv) The Congress had realised that it would be impossible to work with the Muslim League.

Question 6: All parties accepted the Mountbatten Plan of 3rd June, 1947. In this context briefly explain the basis of the partition.
Answer: (i) India and Pakistan were to be set-up from 15th August, 1947 as two independent dominions.
(ii) Pakistan was to comprise Sindh, British Baluchistan, North West Frontier Province, the West Punjab and East Bengal and the exact boundaries of these last two would be determined by a Boundary Commission set-up for this purpose only.
(iii) Each of the two dominions shall be under a Governor-General, who will be appointed by His Majesty. Each will act as the Head of his dominion, India or Pakistan, as the case may be, and each would represent His Majesty.
(iv) Each dominion shall have its own Legislature with complete powers to make laws for the dominion. No Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, nor any order in Council passed after 15th August, 1947, shall have any validity in either of the two dominions.
(v) The Constituent Assembly of each dominion was to exercise the powers of the Central Legislature.
(vi) Both the Governor-General of India and Pakistan shall be vested with full powers and authority necessary for enforcing the Indian Independence Act, 1947.
(vii) The Secretary of State shall cease to have the power of appointing in future, any officer in the Civil Service.
(viii) Provision was made for smooth division of the Armed Forces between the two dominions which would henceforth exercise authority over them.

Question 7: Why did the Muslim League observe the Direct Action Day?
Answer: (i) Result of the Constituent Assembly: Elections for the Constituent Assembly were held in July, 1946. Congress won 212 seats out of 298 seats and got comfortable majority in the Assembly. The League feared that it would be outvoted in the Assembly.
(ii) Rejection of its demands and formation of Interim Government by the Congress: The League demanded the establishment of two different Constituent Assemblies which were rejected by the Cabinet Mission.
On 14th August, 1946 the Viceroy invited the Congress to form the Interim Government at the Centre and offer was accepted by the Congress. At this M. A. Jinnah felt angry and attacked both the Cabinet Mission and the Viceroy and declared that the Muslims should say good-bye to the Constitutional methods and prepare for self-defence and self-preservation by resort to direct action.

Question 8: What were the main provisions of the Indian Independence Act?
Answer: (i) Partition: The Act provided for the partition of Indian into two independent Dominions i.e. India and Pakistan. Area of Pakistan: Pakistan was to comprise East Bengal, West Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, North-West Frontier Province and the district of Sylhet in Assam.
Area of India: India was to comprise all the remaining territories included in British India.
(ii) Constituent Assembly: There were two separate Constituent Assemblies for the two Dominions. Each would serve as Central Legislature.
(iii) Princely States: The Princely States became independent and all the powers exercised by British authority were terminated.
(iv) Abolition of the office of the Secretary of State: The office of the Secretary of State for India was abolished.
(v) Governor General: Each Dominion would have a Governor General as a Constitutional head and would work according to the wishes of the ministers.
(vi) Divisions of Assets and Army: Provision was also made for safeguarding the interests of the existing officers appointed by the Secretary of State, who would not make any such appointments in future.

Question 9: What were the factors which were responsible for the creation of Pakistan?
Answer: (i) Divide and Rule Policy of Britishers: From the first day the Britishers policy of Divide and Rule to attain their motive was responsible for partition of India.
(ii) Two Nations Theory of Jinnah: The Muslim League under the leadership of Jinnah began to think that the Hindus and Muslims belonged two different Nations. The Direct Action Day led to the communal riots which engulfed whole India.
(iii) Failure of Interim Government: Due to the non-co-operative attitude of the Muslims League the Interim Government totally failed and was unable to control the law and order situation during the communal fights.
(iv) The Conflict between the Congress and the League: Muslim league was established in 1906. After its formation it played a major role in widening the gulf between the Hindus and the Muslims. Both the parties never tried to co-operate with each other.

Question 10: How did Lord Mountbatten planned to solve the communal problem existing in India?
Answer: Lord Mountbatten came to a conclusion that partition of the India was the only solution to the existing communal problem in India. Therefore in his plan, he proposed;
(i) That the country would be divided into two Dominions, that is, India and Pakistan.
(ii) The Princely States can either choose between the two countries or resort to remain independent.
(iii) A plebiscite would be held in the North-West Frontier Province to ascertain their choice between the two Dominions.
(iv) The Provinces of Assam, Bengal and Punjab would be divided and the boundaries would be delineated.

Question 11: Mention the reasons that‘made the Congress accept the Partition Proposals.
Answer: The main reasons that made the Congress accept the partition proposals were:
(i) Communal riots had taken a serious turn as a result of the “Direct Action Day’ of the Muslim League.
(ii) The League had joined the Interim Government to obstruct and not to cooperate and made it difficult for any Congress Minister t6 function effectively.
(iii) The only alternative to partition was a federation with a weak centre.
(iv) The leaders felt that partition would rid the constitution of separate electorated and other undemocratic procedures.
(v) The leaders felt that further delay in the transfer of power could find India in the midst of Civil War.

Picture Based Questions

Question 1: Answer the following:

(i) The given picture shows the flag of which party.
(ii) When was this party established? What were the three guiding principles of the party.
Answer: (i) The given picture shows the flag of Indian National Army (INA).
(ii) This part was established on 1st September, 1942. Three guiding principles of the INA were unity, faith and justice.

Question 2: Answer the following:

(i) Name the gentlemen in the picture along with Gandhi.
(ii) Name the party which he independently formed within the Congress. When this party was formed.
Answer: (i) Subhash Chandra Bose.
(ii) The party which he independently formed within the Congress was Forward Block. This party was formed on May 3, 1939.

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