Selina Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions Pollution- A Rising Environmental Problems

Selina Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions Pollution- A Rising Environmental Problems

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Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Biology Chapter 15 Pollution – A Rising Environmental Problems

Exercise 1

Solution A.1.
(d) The dust raised during road-cleaning

Solution A.2.
(b) Disposing of corpses in rivers

Solution A.3.
(b) Ozone

Solution B.1.
(i) SO₂
(ii) Bromochlorodifluoromethane and chlorofluoromethane
(iii) Mercury

Solution B.2.

Solution B.3.
(i) vehicular air
(ii) X-ray
(iii) hot
(iv) domestic activities

Solution C.1.

(i) Rivers contaminated with sewage:

• A number of waterborne diseases are produced by the pathogens present in polluted water, affecting humans as well as animals.
• The flora and fauna of rivers, sea and oceans is adversely affected.

(ii) Too much gaseous exhausts containing CO₂ and SO₂:

• The high concentration of CO₂ in atmosphere has been the main component of the green house effect that has caused global warming i.e. the rise of atmospheric temperature in recent years. Global warming causes melting of snow caps rise in sea levels.
• SO₂ is poisonous and irritates the respiratory system of animals and humans. A continuous exposure to SO₂ has been reported to damage the lungs and increase the rate of mortality.
• SO₂ is also responsible for acid rain

(iii) Pesticides such as DDT used in agriculture:

• Pesticides kill soil microbes which are responsible to recycle the nutrients in the soil.
• Pesticides can enter the food chain and affect the health of humans as well as animals. It can cause damage to the lungs and central nervous system, failures of reproductive organs and dysfunctions of the immune system, endocrine system, and exocrine system, as well as potential cancer risks and birth defects.

(iv) Prolonged noise such as the one produced by crackers throughout night:

• Prolonged exposure to the high decibel noise damages ear drums and can bring permanent hearing impairment.
• Noise pollution can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension), constant headache, lack of concentration.

Solution C.2.
Three major constituents of sewage:

1. Kitchen wastes
2. Sanitary waste
3. Waste from agricultural lands

Solution C.3.

• The common sources of oil spills are: The overturned oil tankers, offshore oil mining and Oil Refineries.
• The sea birds and sea animals sometimes get thick, greasy coating on their bodies due to oil spills.
• Sea birds may ingest their oil coated. This may irritate their digestive system, may damage liver and kidney.
• Oil spills lead to the death of sea birds as well as sea animals.

Solution C.4.
Measures to minimise noise pollution:

1. Use of loud speakers should be banned.
2. Airports should be located away from the residential area.

Solution D.1.

1. Industrial Waste:
   Large number of industries produces waste water which contains various types of chemical pollutants. Such wastes are commonly discharged into the rivers. These chemicals cause irritation to the body systems of fish.
2. Thermal Pollution:
   Many industries such as thermal power plants, oil refineries, nuclear plants use water for cooling their machinery. This hot waste water may be 8-10^oC warmer than the intake water. This hot water is released into the nearby streams, rivers or the sea and causes warming. The sudden fluctuation in the temperature of water kills the fishes and harms the plant life growing in it.

Solution D.2.
(i) Noise Pollution
(ii) Industrial machines, workshops, trains, loud conversation, loudspeakers, etc.
(iii) Effects of noise pollution:

1. It lowers efficiency of work.
2. It disturbs sleep and leads to nervous irritability.

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