Kerala Plus Two Zoology Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 6 Human Health and Disease
Question 1.
“More and more children in Metro cities of India suffer from allergies and asthma.” (MARCH-2010)
a) Do you agree with this statement?
b) Justify your answer.
Answer:
a) Yes
b) Absence of previous encounter with the allergies in the over protected environment reduces immunity and children become more prone to allergy/ over exposure to allergens or pollutants in the metro cities can be considered.
Question 2.
Widespread incidence of diseases like H1H1, Chichungunya, dengue fever etc. are reported recently. As a science student, prepare an action plan in your school to control those diseases. (MARCH-2010)
Answer:
Measures to control mosquitoes, precaution to prevent the spread of disease. Awareness campaign for students etc.
Question 3.
The flow chart given below represents the life cycle of malarial parasite. Complete the flow chart and answer the following: (MAY-2010)
a) Which species of malarial parasite causes malignant malaria ?
b) Can you suggest two methods to control malaria?
Answer:
2 – Liver, 4 – RBC
a) Plasmodium falci parum
b) 1. Public hygiene and proper waste disposal
2. Periodic cleaning and disinfection of water reservoirs
3. Control of mosquitoes and their breeding grounds (any methods to control insect vectors can be added)
Question 4.
The list given below includes various stages of HIV infection. Arrange them according to correct sequence. (MAY-2010)
Answer:
Viral replication – Macrophage – Helper T cell – Formation of DNA – Progeny Virus – Viral particle – Release of progeny virus
Question 5.
Lakshmi and Sujitha are two Nursery students. Sujitha gets common cold very often. Lakshmi not (MARCH-2011)
a) How do you interpret this in an immunological aspects?
b) What are the common barriers protecting Lakshmi from cold?
Answer:
a) Low level of innate or weak or poor immunity to Sujitha / High immunity to Lakshmi.
b) Two correct points (Physical, Physiological, Cellular and Cytokine barriers) like mucous membrane / Nostril hairs / skin / Antibodies / Interferons.
Question 6.
Arrange the following diseases in the following columns in a meaningful order. (MARCH-2012)
Typhoid, Ringworms, Amoebiasis, AIDS, Malaria, Pneumonia, Common cold.
Answer:
Question 7.
In a classroom discussion a student argues that allergic diseases are more common in children of metrocities than in villages. , (MARCH-2012)
a) Do you agree with this statement.
b) Which type of immunoglobulin is responsible for allergic reactions?
c) Suggest two drugs which reduce allergic symptoms.
Answer:
a) Yes
b) IgE
c) Antilistamine and Adrenalin drugs
Question 8.
Note the relation between first two terms and suggest a suitable term for the fourth place. (MAY-2012)
a) Erythroxylum coca : cocaine :
Papaversomniferum : _______
b) Salmonella typhi: typhoid :
Plasmodium falciparum: ______
Answer:
a) morphine
b) malaria
Question 9.
Nature has as many varieties of plants which give drugs for abuse, as there are medicinal plants which give medicines. Substantiate with two examples. (MARCH-2013)
Answer:
a) Cocaine is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylum coca. It affects the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine.
b) Opioids are the drugs, receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract Heroin (smack the depressant,it is prepared by the acetylation of morphine which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant Papaversomniferum.
Question 10.
“Prevention is better than cure”. This statement is true in the case of AIDS as well as immunisation. Substantiate. (MAY-2013)
Answer:
Diseases like AIDS are not curable even after the treatment for long period. This is the immuno deficiency disease affect the resistant power of the body. Medicine for these diseases are not discovered so far. Likewise immunization is done in earlier period of growth is good .Hence prevention is better than cure.
Question 11.
Classify the diseases given in the box as two groups based on their causative organisms. Specify the type of causative organism for each group. (MARCH-2014)
Answer:
protozoans – Malaria and amoebiasis Bacterial — diphtheria, typhoid and pneumonia
Question 12.
Prepare a pamphlet for an awareness programme in your school about the measures to prevent and control alcohol and drug abuse in adolescents. (MARCH-2014)
Answer:
Education and counseling, moral education, Avoid undue peer pressure, visual publicity through TV, seeking professional and medical help etc.
Question 13.
Briefly describe the characteristics of cancer cells. (MAY-2014)
Answer:
1. lose of contact inhibition- Normal cells are contact with other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth. Cancer cells lost this property.
2. Metastasis- Cells sloughed from tumors reach distant sites through blood, and wherever they get lodged in the body, they start a new tumor there.
Question 14.
It is said that “Chikunguinea” once affected will not affect a person in the next half of his life. Justify this statement. (MAY-2014)
Answer:
This is due to acquired immunity. Due to infection body first time produces a response called primary response which is of low intensity. Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen a highly intensified secondary response. This is appears to have memory of the first encounter. The primary and secondary immune responses are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in our blood, i.e. B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes.
Question 15.
Mother’s milk is considered essential for new born infants. (MARCH-2015)
a) Name the fluid secreted by mother from breast during the initial days of lactation.
b) What type of immunity it provides?
Answer:
a) Colostrum
b) IgA provides passive immunity
Question 16.
Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of human beings, and is a major cause of death all over the globe. (MARCH-2015)
a) What are the causes of cancer?
b) What are the methods of detection of cancer?
c) What are the types of treatment for cancer?
Answer:
a) Ionising radiations like X – rays and gamma rays and non-ionizing radiations like UV cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformation. The chemical carcinogens present in tobacco smoke have been identified as a major cause of lung cancer.
b) Biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue and blood and bone marrow tests for increased cell counts in the case of leukemias Radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs
c) 1. Surgery, radiation therapy and immuno therapy
2. Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancerous cells
Question 17.
Match the terms given in the three columns of the table correctly: (MAY-2015)
Answer:
Haemophilus Influenzae – Bacteria – pneumonia
Plasmodium Vivax – protozoa – malaria Wuchereria
Bancrofli – flat worm – filarisis
Trichophyton – fungus – ringworm
Question 18.
Identify the disease shown in the following figure and write the causative organism of the disease.(MARCH-2016)
Answer:
Elephantiasis orfilariasis
Question 19.
“Blood of a man is tested positive for cannabinoid.” (MARCH-2016)
a) What are these?
b) From where these are extracted naturally?
c) Which part of the body is affected by these?
Answer:
a) Drug obtained from plants
b) Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa
c) Cardiovascular system of the body
Question 20.
Breast feeding during initial period of infant growth is necessary to develop immunity of new born babies. Why? (MARCH-2016)
Answer:
Initial days of lactation contains colostrum which is rich in antibodies and provide immunity to new borne babies.
Question 21.
Answer the questions about the given figure: (MAY-2016)
a) Identify the parts X and Y.
b) Name any two types of this molecule.
Answer:
a) X-antigen binding site
Y-Heavy chain
b) lgA, lgG, lg E
Question 22.
Select the odd one out and justify your selection. (MAY-2016)
Malaria, Gonorrhea, Amoebiasis, Filariasis
Answer:
Gonorrhoea – It is the only sexually transmitted disease
Question 23.
Complete the table by filling a, b, c and d. (MAY-2016)
Answer:
a) pneumonia
b) Rhino virus
c) malaria
d) Inflammation of lymphatic vessels of lower limb/ genital organs
Question 24.
Feeding _______ in the first few days is essential for preventing infections in a newly born baby. (MARCH-2017)
Answer:
colostrum
Question 25.
Morphine is said to be an abused drug. Discriminate the terms ‘use’ and ‘abuse’ of drugs based on this example. (MARCH-2017)
Answer:
For medical purpose it is used as painkiller or sedative but it is abused by some individuals as narcotic drug.
Question 26.
Differentiate Active immunity from Passive immunity. Give an example for Passive immunity. (MARCH-2017)
Answer:
When the antigens are coming in the form of living or dead microbes, the body of organism produce antibodies. This type of immunity is called active immunity.
When ready – made antibodies are directly injected to protect the body against foreign agents, it is called passive immunity.
Eg-Anti-venom.
Question 27.
Prepare a brief note to be presented in an awareness programme for adolescents about AIDS, their causes and preventive measures. (MAY-2017)
Answer:
AIDS-it is acquired immuno deficiency syndrome caused by virus called HIV It is mainly prevented by
Avoid sex with multiple partners
Use disposable needles and syringes
Ensure safe blood transfusion
Question 28.
Fill the boxes A, B, C and D. (MAY-2017)
Answer:
A – Acquired immunity
B – Physiological barrier
C -Cytokin barrier
D-passive immunity