Plus Two Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 11 Advances in Computing

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 11 Advances in Computing

Plus Two Computer Science Advances in Computing One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which among the following are true regarding distributed computing?
i) Different parts of a program are run simultaneously on two or more computers.
ii) Distributed systems fail even if one node fails to function.
iii) A lot of extra programming is required to set up a distributed system.
iv) All the different processors share memory.
(a) i & ii are correct
(b) iii & iv are correct
(c) i & iii are correct
(d) ii & iv are correct
Answer:
(c) i & iii are correct

Question 2.
______ computing provides users access to computational power just like electricity through wall sockets.
(a) Parallel
(b) Grid
(c) Cluster
(d) Serial
Answer:
(b) Grid

Question 3.
A pattern or a model in the study of any subject of complexity is called ______.
Answer:
paradigm

Question 4.
____ is a method of computing in which large problems can be divided into smaller ones and these smaller one are distributed among several computers.
Answer:
distributed computing.

Question 5.
_____ is the advantage of distributed computing where we can add computers according to the workload.
Answer:
Scalability.

Question 6.
Multiple processors are used in _____ computing
(a) serial
(b) parallel
(c) standalone
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) parallel

Question 7.
Single processor is used in _____ computing.
(a) serial
(b) parallel
(c) standalone
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) serial

Question 8.
One instruction is executed on a single processor at any moment in _____ computing.
Answer:
Serial.

Question 9.
More than one instruction is executed on multiple processors at any moment of time in _____ computing.
Answer:
Parallel.

Question 10.
_____ is the fastest supercomputer used by Indian Institute of Tropical meteorology
Answer:
ADITYA

Question 11.
______ computing uses millions of computers and in which computational power(resources, services, data) is readily available like electric power.
Answer:
Grid computing.

Question 12.
Here a group of Internet-connected computers, storage devices, etc are linked together and work like a single computer. Which is this computing
Answer:
Cluster computing

Question 13.
It is an emerging computing technology. Herewith the use of Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Name this computing
Answer:
Cloud computing.

Question 14.
From the following which is not the cloud service model
(a) SaaS
(b) PaaS
(c) laaS
(d) NaaS
Answer:
(d) NaaS

Question 15.
SaaS stands for _____.
Answer:
Software as a Service

Question 16.
PaaS stands for _____.
Answer:
Platform as a Service.

Question 17.
laaS stands for _____.
Answer:
Infrastructure as a Service.

Question 18.
Expand LAMP
Answer:
Linux, Apache Server, MySQL, and PHP.

Question 19.
Al stands for _____.
Answer:
Artificial Intelligence

Question 20.
The first definition of Artificial Intelligence was established by _______.
Answer:
Alan Turing.

Question 21.
Al was first coined by ______ in 1956.
Answer:
John MacCarthy

Question 22.
With the help of _____ computer can solve the tasks such as playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, natural language processing, medical diagnosis, etc.
Answer:
Artificial Intelligence.

Question 23.
____ is a test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.
Answer:
Turing Test.

Question 24.
NLP stands for _____.
Answer:
Natural Language Processor.

Question 25.
ASR stands for _____.
Answer:
Automatic Speech Recognition

Question 26.
OCR stands for
Answer:
Optical Character Recognition

Question. 27
HCR stands for _____.
Answer:
Handwritten Character Recognition.

Question. 28
GIS stands for ______.
Answer:
Geographical Information System.

Question. 29
CAD stands for ______.
Answer:
Computer-Aided Design

Question. 30
Which of the following is not a distributed computing paradigm?
(a) grid
(b) cloud
(c) cluster
(d) serial
Answer:
(d) serial

Question. 31
The study of control and communication between man and machine is called _____.
Answer:
Cybernetics

Question. 32
In Artificial Intelligence, ANN stands for
(a) Artificial Network of Neural.
(b) Advanced Neural Network
(c) Artificial Neural Network
(d) Architectural Neural Network
Answer:
(c) Artificial Neural Network

Question 33.
Which among the following is the capability that is required by a computer to pass Turing Test?
i. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
ii. Knowledge representation
iii. Machine learning
iv. Computer Vision
(a) i & ii only
(b) i.ii & iii only
(c) iii & iv only
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Plus Two Computer Science Advances in Computing Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Differentiate the terms intelligence and wisdom.
Answer:
The ability to draw useful inferences from the available knowledge is generally referred as intelligence. Wisdom is the maturity of mind that directs its intelligence to achieve desirable goals.

Question 2.
Find a suitable match.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – d
3 – b
4 – a

Question 3.
Find a suitable match.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – a

Question 4.
Classify the following as SaaS, PaaS, and laaS. Adobe Creative Cloud. Google App Engine, Microsoft Office 365, Amazon Web Services.
Answer:

• SaaS: Adobe Creative Cloud, Microsoft Office 365
• PaaS: Google App Engine
• laaS: Amazon Web Services

Question 5.
Question Text:
Pick the odd one out. The services of cloud computing include:
(a) Software as a Service
(b) Hardware as a Service
(c) Platform as a Service
(d) Infrastructure as a Service
Answer:
(b) Hardware as a Service. The others are cloud computing paradigm

Question 6.
Question Text:
State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Clusters provide computational power through parallel processing.
2. Even if anyone of the computers fails, cluster computing as a whole will work.

Answer:

1. True
2. True

Question 7.
The following organisations plan to buy cloud computing service for their IT requirements. Suggest the cloud computing model that suits their need.

1. Hari & Co. requires spreadsheets and presentation software.
2. Tomy & Co. requires to install their own software for their accounting needs in a LAMP platform.
3. Raju & Co. requires to use MySQL for their database needs.
4. Joy & Co. requires 1 TB hard disk space, 2 GB RAM and processing power.

Answer:

1. SaaS
2. PaaS
3. SaaS
4. laaS

Question 8.
Consider the following statements about distributed computing and state True/False.
1. In distributed computing, parts of a program are run simultaneously from two or more computers which are communicating with each other.
2. WWW is an example for large distributed computing.
Answer:

1. True
2. True

Question 9.
Parallel computing is faster than serial computing. Mention the limitations in implementing parallel computing.
Answer:
Disadvantages:

• Implementing this is more complex than serial application
• Significant changes must be made to make the programs machine-independent

Question 10.
What do you mean by Distributed computing?
Answer:
Distributed computing is a method of computing in which large problems can be divided into smaller ones and these smaller ones are distributed among several computers. The solution for the smaller ones are computed separately and simultaneously. Finally, the results are assembled to get the desired overall solution.

Plus Two Computer Science Advances in Computing Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Differentiate between Bioinformatics and Biometrics.
Answer:
1. Biometrics:
Biometrics refers to the unique characteristics of a human being to recognize an individual such as fingerprints, face recognition, iris, retina, etc. Biometrics are used to record attendance
Eg. In banks, employee login is restricted by using fingerprint reader

2. Bioinformatics:
It is a computer technology to the management of biological information. By the help of a computer analyse the fingerprints, DNA, iris, retina, etc and identifying the concerned person.

Question 2.
Briefly explain the Turing test.
Answer:
The Turing test is a test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. The test involves a human judge engages in natural language conversations with a human and a machine designed to generate performance indistinguishable from that of a human being.

All participants are separated from one another. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. The test does not check the ability to give the correct answer to questions; it checks how closely the answer resembles typical human answers. Turing predicted that by 2000 computer would pass the test.

Question 3.
Draw the knowledge pyramid and briefly explain the terms in it.
Answer:

Data is termed as a collection of mere symbols. While processing data we get information and knowledge is the organized information. It can be a piece of information that helps in decision making. The ability to draw useful inferences from the available knowledge is generally referred as intelligence. Wisdom is the maturity of mind that directs its intelligence to achieve desirable goals.

Question 4.
Compare grid computing and cloud computing paradigms of distributed computing.
Answer:
1. Grid computing:
It is a system in which millions of computers, smartphones, satellites, telescopes, cameras, sensors, etc. are connected each other as a cyber world in which computational power (resources, services, data) is readily available like electric power. Any information at any time at any place can be made available in our fingertips. This is used in disaster management, weather forecasting, market forecasting, bio information, etc.

2. Cloud computing:
It is an emerging computing technology. Herewith the use of Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Example for this is Email service, Office Software(word processor, spreadsheets, presentations, database, etc), graphics software, etc. The information is placed in a central remote server just like clouds in the sky hence the name cloud computing

Question 5.
What is cluster computing? Write its advantages and disadvantages.
Answer:
Cluster means groups. Here a group of Internet-connected computers, storage devices, etc are linked together and work like a single computer. It provides computational power through parallel processing. Its cost is less and used for scientific applications.

Advantages

• Price-performance ratio: The performance is high ‘ and the cost is less.
• Availability: If one group of system fails the other group will do the work.
• Scalability: Computers can be easily added according to the workload increases.

Disadvantages

• Programmability issues: Different computers uses different software and hardware hence the issues.
• Problem in finding fault: Fault detection is very difficult

Question 6.
The distributed computing method has some advantages and disadvantages. What are they?
Answer:
Advantages

• Economical: Reduces the computing cost hence it is economical
• Speed: The workload of the entire system is less hence the speed is high.
• Reliability: When one computer in the network fails the entire work will not be blocked, i.e. the other computers will do the work properly.
• Scalability: We can add computers according to the workload.

Disadvantages

• Complexities: The proper division of the problems and reassembling of the result is a major complex task.
• Security: Security measurements to be taken to keep track of the sent data packets otherwise it can be used for illegal purposes.
• Network reliance: Some occasions in case of network failure, the entire system may become unstable.

Question 7.
Most companies are opting for cloud computing for their IT requirement. Explain the advantages that they gain from this.
Answer:
Advantages

• Cost savings: Companies can reduce costs by using cloud computing
• scalability/ Flexibility: More resources are used when the workload increases.
• Reliability: It is reliable and helps in disaster recovery
• Maintenance: The service provider do system maintenance, then reducing maintenance requirements.
• Mobile accessible: Employees can do their job even when they are in move.

Question 8.
Match the following.

Answer:
i – b
ii – c
iii – d
iv – a

Question 9.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of distributed computing.
Answer:
Advantages

• Economical: Reduces the computing cost hence it is economical
• Speed: The workload of the entire system is less hence the speed is high.
• Reliability: When one computer in the network fails the entire work will not be blocked, i.e. the other computers will do the work properly.
• Scalability: We can add computers according to the workload.

Disadvantages

• Complexities: The proper division of the problems and reassembling of the result is a major complex task.
• Security: Security measurements to be taken to keep track of the sent data packets otherwise it can be used for illegal purposes.
• Network reliance: Some occasions in case of network failure, the entire system may become unstable.

Question 10.
Write down the merits and demerits of parallel computing.
Answer:
Advantages

• If one or more node fails, the entire system will not failed instead it works with reduced performance. This method is called fault tolerance.
• Sharing computing power and storage resources with each other.
• Distributing tasks to different nodes hence reduce the load of entire system. It is called load sharing
• Scaling can be easily done.

Disadvantages

• Implementing this is more complex than serial application
• Significant changes must be made to make the programs machine-independent

Question 11.
Explain Grid computing with merits and demerits.
Answer:
It is a system in which millions of computers, smartphones, satellites, telescopes, cameras, sensors, etc. are connected each other as a cyber world in which computational power (resources, services, data) is readily available like electric power. Any information at any time at any place can be made available in our fingertips. This is used in disaster management, weather forecasting, market forecasting, bio information, etc.
Advantages

• It is used to solve more complex problems in a short time.
• Existing hardware used efficiently
• Scalable: The number of computers can be added according to the workload increases

Disadvantages

• Processing speed is less
• Different computers uses different software and the licensing issues may effect the working of application

Question 12.
Explain cluster computing with its merits.
Answer:
Cluster means groups. Here a group of Internet connected computers, storage devices, etc are linked together and work like a single computer. It provides Computational power through parallel processing. Its cost is less and used for scientific applications.
Advantages

• Price-performance ratio: The performance is high and the cost is less.
• Availability: If one group of system fails the other group will do the work.
• Scalability: Computers can be easily added according to the workload increases.

Question 13.
What is cloud computing?
Answer:
It is an emerging computing technology. Herewith the use of Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Example for this is Email service, Office Software(word processor, spreadsheets, presentations, database, etc), graphics software, etc. The information is placed in a central remote server just like clouds in the sky hence the name cloud computing.

Question 14.
Explain the Turing test
Answer:
The Turing test is a test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. The test involves a human judge engages in natural language conversations with a human and a machine designed to generate performance indistinguishable from that of a human being.

All participants are separated from one another. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. The test does not check the ability to give the correct answer to questions; it checks how closely the answer resembles typical human answers. Turing predicted that by 2000 computer would pass the test.

Question 15.
Compare parallel and serial computing.
Answer:
The difference between these two is given below.

Plus Two Computer Science Advances in Computing Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the three cloud service models.
Answer:
Cloud service models (3 major services):
1. Software as a Service (SaaS):
A SaaS provider company provides more services on demand such as they allow to access both resources and applications.
Examples are Google Docs, Adobe creative cloud, Microsoft Office 365, Facebook.com, etc.

2. Platform as a Service(PaaS):
A PaaS provider company provides subscribers access to the components that they, require to develop and operate applications over the Internet.
Example: LAMP platform(Linux, Apache Server, MySQL, and PHP), ASP.NET, PHP and Python, Google’s App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Force.com, etc.

3. Infrastructure as a Service(laaS):
It provides basic storage devices and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network.
Example: Amazon Web Services, Joyent, AT&T, GoGrid, etc.

Question 2.
What are the applications of Computational Intelligence? Explain?
Answer:
Application of Computational Intelligence
A. Biometrics:
Biometrics refers to the unique characteristics of a human being to recognize an individual such as fingerprints, face recognition, iris, retina, etc. Biometrics are used to record attendance
Eg. In banks employee login is restricted by using fingerprint readers.

B. Robotics:
It is a branch of scientific study associated with the design, manufacturing and controls the movements of the robots. Robotics are used in all areas. Some of them are discussed below.

1. Uses in vehicle manufacturing industry: Robots are used to do all tasks such as welding, cutting, lifting, sorting and bending. Since it is a machine, it can operate for long hours untiringly.

2. Exploration of outer space:
Robots are very much useful in this field such as they are used to do all the tasks related to launch a satellite.

3. In intelligent homes:
Robots are used in home segments to safe guard the home, automatically open the gate, doors and windows, etc.

4. Exploration in difficult environments:
Human beings are not ready to work situations like too hot and too cold. Since it is a machine robots are used instead of human beings. Robots are used in oil filed etc.

5. Uses in military:
Unmanned air crafts and vehicles are controlled by robots. Drones and computer controlled cameras are used in Military service.

6. Uses in agriculture:
Nowadays in India, the agriculture field is also in mechanization trend. Hence increase productivity.

C. Computer vision:
The world is changed from 2 dimensional images to 3 dimensional. 3D TVs are available in the market. Multiple cameras are used to capture the images and merge them to form 3D pictures. 3D scanners are used in the Medical filed to diagnose the diseases

D. Natural Language Processing:
It deals with how computers communicate just like a human being communicate naturally. Natural languages are languages spoken by the people. To achieve this ability to communicate like a human being is a laborious task. NLP is further be classified into two, Natural Language Understanding(NLU) and Natural Language Generation(NLG).

• NLU – The ability to understand languages like English, Malayalam, etc.
• NLG – It is deal with creation of output, i.e. generate words and giving reply.

E. Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR):
To login some computers, laptops .tabs, smartphones, etc, and to open some gates, doors, etc you have say the password orally. The computer recognizes the speech and opens the device to them.

Such devices are working based upon NLP technology and this system is called Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR) system. To implement this system the requirements, are mica or a telephone and convert the oral instruction into written text. Examples are Apple iOS, Google, etc.

F. Optical Character Recognition(OCR) and Handwritten Character Recognition Systems. (HCR):
It is used to read text from a paper as an image and translate this image into a form that computer can manipulate. For example, if we want to enter the text contents of a book by typing using a keyboard will take more time. Instead of this by using OCR and HCR we can easily do this. OCR is expensive. HCR system reads handwritten texts and converts it into computer-readable form

G. Bioinformatics:
It is a computer technology to the management of biological information. By the help of a computer analyse the fingerprints, DNA, iris, retina, etc and identifying the concerned person.
Three goals of bioinformatics.:

1. Organise: Huge amount of data organized to access information easily and to add new information when it is produced
2.  Develop tools: Develop new tools to analyse data efficiently.
3. Analysis: With thw help of these tools analyse the data and produce results.

H. Geographical Information System:
Geosynchronous satellite moves at the same Revolutions Per Minute(RPM) as that of the earth in the same direction. Thus both the earth and the satellite complete one revolution exactly in the same time and hence the relative position of the ground station with respect to the satellite never changes.

Geographic Information System(GIS) technology is developed from digital cartography and Computer-Aided Design(CAD) database management system. GIS as the name implies capturing, storing for future reference, checking and displaying data related to various positions on earth’s surface.

GIS can be applied in many areas such as soil mapping, agricultural mapping, forest mapping, e-Governance, etc. GIS is used in development planning like strategic rural and urban planning, infrastructure planning, precision agriculture planning, etc.

Question 3.
Explain cloud computing paradigm and its three models of services in detail.
Answer:
It is an emerging computing technology. Herewith the use of Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Example for this is Email service, Office Software (word processor, spreadsheets, presentations, database, etc), graphics software, etc. The information is placed in a central remote server just like clouds in the sky hence the name cloud computing.
Cloud service models (3 major services):
1. Software as a Service(SaaS)
A SaaS provider company provides more services on demand such as they allow to access both resources and applications.
Examples are Google Docs, Adobe creative cloud, Microsoft Office 365, Facebook.com, etc.

2. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
A PaaS provider company provides subscribers access to the components that they require to develop and operate applications over the Internet.
Example: LAMP platform(Linux, Apache Server, MySQL, and PHP), ASP.NET, PHP and Python, Google’s App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Force.com, etc.

3. Infrastructure as a Service(laaS)
It provides basic storage devices and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network.
Example: Amazon Web Services, Joyent, AT&T, GoGrid, etc.

Question 4.
List and explain any three biologically inspired algorithms/paradigms that simulate natural intelligence, which led to the development of intelligent systems.
Answer:
Computational Intelligence paradigms Computational Intelligence is the ability to make a computer to face and solve real-life problems just like a intelligent man do it. It includes Artificial Neural Networks(ANN), Evolutionary Computation(EC), Swarm Intelligence(SI) and Fuzzy Systems(FS).

A. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN):
The brain is a complex, nonlinear and parallel computer with ability to perform tasks such as recognise pattern, perception and motor control. ANN is the method of simulate biological neural systems to learn, memorise and generalize like human beings. A human brain cortex consists of 10-500 billion neurons with 60 trillion synapses(a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron to pass electrical)

B. Evolutionary Computation (EC):
It is the simulation of the natural evolution, i.e. survival of the fittest. In the surrounding, we can see that the stronger must win and others will lose. EC applied for data mining, fault diagnosis, classification, scheduling, etc.

C. Swarm Intelligence (SI):
Swarm Intelligence is the study of behaviour of colonies or groups of social animals, birds, insects, ants, etc. How they communicate and create and manage their own colonies beautifully.

D. Fuzzy Systems:
Human beings use common sense while facing a problem, just like human beings fuzzy systems can also use common sense and behave like human beings. Fuzzy systems is used to control gear transmission and raking systems, control lifts, home appliances, controlling traffic signals, etc.

Question 5.
One of the recent developments in Computer Science is the use of computational intelligence in different real life applications. Briefly explain any five areas of application of computational intelligence.
Answer:
A. Biometrics:
Biometrics refers to the unique characteristics of a human being to recognize an individual such as fingerprints, face recognition, iris, retina, etc. Biometrics are used to record attendance Eg. In banks employee login is restricted by using fingerprint readers.

B. Robotics:
It is a branch of scientific study associated with the design, manufacturing and control the movements of the robots. Robotics are used in all areas.

C. Computer vision:
The world is changed from 2-dimensional images to 3 dimensional. 3D TVs are available in the market. Multiple cameras are used to capture the images and merge them to form 3D pictures. 3D scanners are used in the Medical field to diagnose the diseases

D. Natural Language Processing:
It deals with how computers communicate just like a human being communicate naturally. Natural languages are languages spoken by the people. To achieve this ability to communicate like a human being is a laborious task. NLP is further be classified into two, Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG).

• NLU- The ability to understand the languages like English, Malayalam, etc.
• NLG- It is deal with creation of output, i.e. generate words and giving reply.

E. Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR):
To login some computers, laptops, tabs, smartphones, etc, and to open some gates, doors, etc you have say the password orally. The computer recognizes the speech and opens the device to them. Such devices are working based upon NLP technology and this system is called Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR) system.

To implement this system the requirements are a mica or a telephone and convert the oral instruction into written text. Examples are Apple iOS, Google, etc.

F. Optical Character Recognition(OCR) and Handwritten Character Recognition Systems. (HCR):
It is used to read text from a paper as an image and translate this image into a form that computer can manipulate. For example, if we want to enter the text contents of a book by typing using a keyboard will take more time. Instead of this by using OCR and HCR we can easily do this. OCR is expensive. HCR system reads handwritten texts and converts it into computer-readable form.

G. Bioinformatics:
It is a computer technology to the management of biological information. By the help of a computer analyse the fingerprints, DNA, iris, retina, etc and identifying the concerned person.
Three goals of bioinformatics.

1. Organise
2. Develop tools
3. Analysis

H. Geographical Information System:
Geosynchronous satellite moves at the same Revolutions Per Minute(RPM) as that of the earth in the same direction. Thus both the earth and the satellite complete one revolution exactly in the same time and hence the relative position of the ground station with respect to the satellite never changes.

Geographic Information System(GIS) technology is developed from digital cartography and Computer-Aided Design(CAD) database management system. GIS as the name implies capturing, storing for future reference, checking and displaying data related to various positions on earth’s surface. GIS can be applied in many areas such as soil mapping, agricultural mapping, forest mapping, e-Governance, etc.

GIS is used in development planning like strategic rural and urban planning, infrastructure planning, precision agriculture planning, etc.

Plus Two Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers