Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Chapter Wise Previous Questions and Answers Chapter 11 Advances in Computing
Question 1.
a) The computing technology in which a problem is broken into pieces and solved concurrently is called …………….. [March -2016] (1)
b) Categorize the cloud service models. (3)
Answer:
a) Parallel or Distributed computing
b) Refer 5 Mark, Question 1
Question 2.
Give any three advantages and disadvantages of grid computing. [Say – 2016] (3)
Answer:
Refer 3 Mark, Question 11
Question 3.
a) A widely used operating system for cluster computers is ………….. [March -2017] (1)
b) Discuss advantages of grid computing, cluster computing and cloud computing. (3)
Answer:
a) Any OS
b) 1) Grid computing advantages
- It is used to solve more complex problems in a short time
- Existing hardware used efficiently
- Scalable : The number of computers can be added according to the work load increases.
2) Cluster computing Advantages
- Price-performance ratio: The performance is high and the cost is less.
- Availability : If one group of system fails the other group will do the work. Scalability: Computers can be easily added according to the work load increases.
3) Cloud computing
Advantages
- Cost savings : Companies can reduce costs by using cloud computing
- scalability/ Flexibility: More resources are used when the work load increases.
- Reliability : It is reliable and helps in disaster recovery
- Maintenance : The service provider do the system maintenance, then reducing maintenance requirements.
- Mobile accessible : Employees can do their job even when they are in move.
Plus Two Computer Science Chapter Wise Assess Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Explain the features of distributed computing.
Answer:
Distributed computing is a method of computing in which large problems can be divided into smaller ones and these smaller ones are distributed among several computers. The solution for the smaller ones are computed separately and simultaneously. Finally the results are assembled to get the desired overall solution.
Advantages:
- Economical: Reduces the computing cost hence it is economical
- Speed : The work load of the entire system is less hence the speed is high.
- Reliability : When one computer in the network fails the entire work will not be blocked, i.e. the other computers will do the work properly.
- Scalability : We can add computers according to the work load.
Question 2.
Compare parallel and serial computing.
Answer:
The difference between these two is given below,
| Serial computing | Parallel computing |
| A single processor is used | Multiple processors are used with shared memory |
| A problem is divided into a series of instructions | A problem is divided into smaller ones that can be solved simultaneously |
| Instructions executed sequentially | Instructions executed simultaneously |
| One instruction is executed on a single processor at any moment | More than one instruction is executed on multiple processors at any moment of time. |
Question 3.
The distributed paradigm that uses existing hardware is ___________
Answer:
effectively
Question 4.
List advantages of cluster computing.
Answer:
The advantages of cluster computing is given below.
- Price-performance ratio: The performance is high and the cost is less.
- Availability: If one group of system fails the other group will do the work.
- Scalability : Computers can be easily added according to the work load increases.
Question 5.
Explain how cloud service model change the way we use computers.
Answer:
It is an emerging computing technology. Here with the use of Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Example forthis is Email service, Office Software(word processor, spread sheets, presentations, data base etc), graphic software etc. The information is placed in a central remote server just like clouds in the sky hence the name cloud computing.
Cloud service models (3 major services)
1) Software as a Service (SaaS): A SaaS provider company provides more services on demand such as they allow to access both resources and applications.
Examples are Google Docs, Adobe creative cloud, Microsoft Office 365, Facebook.com etc.
2) Platform as a Service(PaaS): A PaaS provider company provides subscribers access to the components that they, require to develop and operate applications over the Internet.
Example : LAMP platform(Linux,Apache Server,MySQL and PHP), ASP.NET, PHP and Python, Google’s App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Force.com, etc.
3) Infrastructure as a Service(laaS): It provides basic storage devices and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network.
Example: Amazon Web Services, Joyent, AT&T, GoGrid etc.
Question 6.
Give example for companies that offer SaaS.
Answer:
A SaaS provider company provides more services on demand such as they allow to access both resources and applications. Examples are Google Docs, Adobe creative cloud, Microsoft Office 365, Facebook.com etc.
Question 7.
List the advantages and limitations of cloud computing.
Answer:
Advantages
- Cost savings : Companies can reduce costs by using cloud computing
- Scalability/ Flexibility: More resources are used when the work load increases.
- Reliability : It is reliable and helps in disaster recovery
- Maintenance: The service provider do the system maintenance, then reducing maintenance requirements.
- Mobile accessible : Employees can do their job even when they are in move.
Disadvantages:
- Security and privacy Security measurements must be applied otherwise the data will be misused
- Lack of standards : Clouds have no standards so it is not possible to export or import programs.
Question 8.
Draw and explain the knowledge pyramid.
Answer:
Data is termed as a collection of mere symbols. While processing data we get information and knowledge is the organized information. It can be a piece of information that helps in decision making. The ability to draw useful inferences from the available knowledge is generally referred as intelligence. Wisdom is the maturity of the mind that directs its intelligence to achieve desirable goals.
Question 9.
What is Computational Intelligence?
Answer:
Earlier machines were used to do our work. But with the invention of digital computers, we use computers to solve time-consuming and complex tasks faced in real life. The main goal is to make the interaction of machines is more and man less. The study of man and machine interactions and control methods are known as Cybernetics.
Question 10.
Define Cybernetics?
Answer:
The study of man and machine interactions and control methods are known as Cybernetics.
Question 11.
The test used tõ to decide whether a machine is intelligent or not ¡s called _________.
Answer:
Turing test.
Question 12
What is ANN?
Answer:
Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) : The brain is a complex, nonlinear and parallel computer with ability to perform tasks such as recognise pattern, perception and motor control.ANN is the method of simulate biological neural systems to learn, memorise and generalize like human beings. A human brain cortex consists of 10-500 billion neurons with 60 trillion synâpses(a synapse is a stwcture that permits a neuron to pass an electrical)
Question 13
Explain Swarm Intelligence
Answer:
Swarm Intelligence is the study of behaviour of colonies or groups of social animals, birds, insects. ants etc. How they communicate and create and manage their own colonies beautifully.
Question 14.
Explain Fuzzy Systems
Answer:
Human beings use common sense while facing a problem, just like human beings fuzzy systems can also use common sense and behave like a human beings. Fuzzy systems ¡s used to control gear transmission and raking systems, control lifts, home appliances, controlling traffic signals etc.
Question 15.
List some uses of biometrics.
Answer:
Biometrics are used in the attendance management system, authentication in computers and other devices, Aadhar cards, etc.
Question 16.
Write the uses of robotics.
Answer:
Robotics are used in all the areas. Some of them are discussed below.
- Uses in vehicle manufacturing industry : Robots are used to do all tasks such as welding, cutting, lifting, sorting and bending. Since it is a machine, it can operate for long hours untiringly.
- Exploration of outer space : Robots are very much useful in this field such as they are used to do all the tasks related to launch a satellite.
- In intelligent homes : Robots are used in home segments to safe guard the home, automatically open the gate, doors and windows, etc.
- Exploration in difficult environments : Human beings are not ready to work in situations like too hot and too cold. Since it is a machine robots are used instead of human beings. Robots are used in oil filed etc.
- Uses in military : Unmanned air crafts and vehicles are controlled by robots. Drones and computer-controlled cameras are used in Military service.
- Uses in agriculture : Nowadays in India the agriculture field is also in mechanization trend. Hence increase the productivity.