Plus Two Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

Plus Two Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life is part of Plus Two Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers. Here we have given Plus Two Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life.

Kerala Plus Two Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

Plus Two Chemistry in Everyday Life One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which of the following is a hypnotic drug?
(a) Luminal
(b) Salol
(c) Catechol
(d) Ranitidine
Answer:
(a) Luminal

Question 2.
Alitame is an example of ……………………….
Answer:
Artificial sweetner

Question 3.
Say TRUE or FALSE: Non-ionic detergents are used for dishwashing purpose.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Which of the following is a bacteriostatic antibiotic?
(a) Pencillin
(b) Aminoglycosides
(c) Chloramphenicol
(d) Ofloxacin
Answer:
(c) Chloramphenicol

Question 5.
Antipyretics are medicinal compounds which
(a) lower body temperature
(b) relieve pain
(c) control hypertension
(d) remove acidity
Answer:
(a) lower body temperature

Question 6.
Name the macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
Answer:
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.

Question 7.
Which of the following s not used as a neurologicaly active drug?
(a) Veronal
(b) Bithional
(c) Equanil
(d) Nardil
Answer:
(b) Bithional

Question 8.
Bithional is added to soap as an additive which per¬form as
(a) Herdenel
(b) Softness
(c) perfume
(d) Antiseptic
Answer:
(d) Antiseptic

Question 9.
Chemicaly Aspirin is …………….
Answer:
Acetyl Salicylic acid

Question 10.
Chemical compound used for the treatment stress are called ……………..
Answer:
tranquilizer

Question 11.
Terfenadine is commonly used as ……………
Answer:
Antibiotic

Plus Two Chemistry in Everyday Life Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the term ‘target molecules’ or ‘drug-targets’ as used in medicinal chemistry.
Answer:
Target molecules or drug-targets are the macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, noucleic acids with which the drug interacts in our body to produce therapeutic effect.

Question 2.
What you mean by the term broad spectrum antibiotics? Explain.
Answer:
Antibiotics which are effective against several different types of harmful micro-organisms and thus capable of curing several infections are called broad spectrum antibiotics, e.g. Chloramphenicol.

Question 3.
Describe the following with suitable examples.

1. Tranquilizers
2. Antihistamines

Answer:

1. They are used for the treatment of stress or mental diseases. e.g. Barbituric acid
2. These are anti-allergic drugs and are used to treat allergy. e.g. skin rashes, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, etc. e.g. brompheniramine, terfenadine

Question 4.
Bithional is added to soap. Give reason.
Answer:
It eliminates undesirable odour resulting from bacterial decompostion of organic matter on skin.

Question 5.
How do antiseptic and disinfectant differ? Explain with example.
Answer:
Both antiseptics and disinfectants are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of micro organisms. Antiseptics can be applied to living tissues. But disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects. They are harmful to living tissues, eg. Antiseptic – Dettol, Disinfectant – Phenol

Question 6.

1. What are artificial sweetening agents?
2. Name any two artificial sweetners.

Answer:

1. Substances which are used as sweetening agents in place of sugar but have no nutritive value are called artificial sweetening agents,
2. Sacharine and Aspartame are artificial sweetners.

Question 7.
What problem arises in using alitame as artificial sweetener?
Answer:
Alitame is a high potency sweetener. It is about 2000 times sweeter than sucrose. Therefore, the control of sweetness of food is difficult while using it.

Question 8.
Classify the following drugs into antihistamines transquilizers, analgesics and antibiotics.
Barbituric acid, Ranitidine, Morphine, Amoxycillin
Answer:

• Antihistamines – Rantidine
• Tranquilisers – Barbituric acid
• Analgesics – Morphine
• Antibiotics – Amoxycillin

Question 9.
What do you mean by bacteriocidal and bactereostatic antibiotics? Give example.
Answer:
Bacteriocidal antibiotics kills bacteria, e.g. pencillin Bacteriostatic antibiotics has inhibitory effects on bacteria, e.g. Tetracycline.

Question 10.
Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?
Answer:
Only a doctor can diagnose the disease properly and prescribe the correct medicine in appropriate dose.

Question 11.
Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes?
Answer:
Forces such as ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interaction or dipole-diple interaction.

Plus Two Chemistry in Everyday Life Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question. 1
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 2.

1. Give an example of tranquilizers.
2. Aspirin belongs to which type of analgesic?
3. Give an example for narcotic analgesic.

Answer:

1. Barbituric acid and its derivatives.
2. Non-narcotic/Non-addictive analgesics
3. Morphine

Question 3.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 4.
Chemistry plays a major role in our daily life.

1. How are synthetic detergents better than soaps?
2. Give one example each for cationic and anionic detergents.

Answer:

1. Detergents can be used even in hard water and also in acidic medium.
2. Cationic detergent – Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
   Anionic detergent – Sodium lauryl sulphate

Question 5.
Match A and B:

Answer:

Question 6.
While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?
Answer:
Antacids and antiallergic drugs do not interfere with the function of each other because they work on different receptors. Thus, antihistamines (antiallergic drugs) do not affect the secretion of acid in stomach because they do not interact with the receptors present in the stomach wall.

Question 7.
A low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What type of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.
Answer:
Drugs which can inhibit the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline are needed. This will slow down the process of metabolism of noradrenaline and will thus help in counteracting the effect of depression. Iproniazid and phenelzine are two such drugs.

Plus Two Chemistry in Everyday Life Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.

1. What are the main constituents of dettol?
2. What is tincture of iodine? What is its use?
3. Name the substance which can be used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant.

Answer:

1. Chloroxylenol and terpineol.
2. A 2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol-water mixture is called tincture of iodine. It is used as an antiseptic.
3. Phenol can be used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant. 0.2% solution of phenol is used as an antiseptic and 1% solution of phenol is used as disinfectant.

Question 2.

1. Differentiate between antagonists and agonists.
2. What are broad spectrum antibiotics?

Answer:
1. Drugs that bind to receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called antagonists. They are usefull when blocking of message is required. Drugs that mimic natural messenger by switching on the receptor are called agonists. They are useful when there is lack of natural chemical messenger.

2. They can kill or inhibit a wide range of bacteria.

Plus Two Chemistry in Everyday Life NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Name the macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
Answer:
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.

Question 2.
Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?
Answer:
Medicines should always be taken after consulting a doctor because any medicine if taken in overdose may act as a poison. Moreover, only a doctor can diagnose the disease properly and prescribe the correct medicine in appropriate dose.

Question 3.
Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes?
Answer:
Drug is held to the amino acid residues of the protein present on the active site of the enzyme through forces such as ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals’ interaction ordipole-diple interaction.

Question 4.
While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?
Answer:
Antacids and antiallergic drugs do not interfere with the function of each other because they work on different receptors. Thus, antihistamines (antiallergic drugs) do not affect the secretion of acid in stomach because they do not interact with the receptors present in the stomach wall.

Question 5.
A low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What type of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.
Answer:
Drugs which can inhibit the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline are needed. This will slow down the process of metabolism of noradrenaline and will thus help in counteracting the effect of depression. Iproniazid and phenelzine are two such drugs.

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