Plus Two Botany Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 3 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Kerala Plus Two Botany Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 3 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Question 1.
Johny, a Plus Two student is from a tribal colony with lower level of vitamins, minerals and protein deficiency. He wishes to be a plant breeder to help the public by producing new crops with high levels of vitamins, minerals, protein etc. Identify the phenomenon. (MARCH-2010)
Answer:
Biofortification

Question 2.
In mid 1960’s as a result of various plant breeding techniques, there was a drastic increase in food production in our country. This phase is often referred as _______. (MAY-2010)
Answer:
Green revolution

Question 3.
Tissue culture is a fast and efficient system for crop improvement. Scientists in a research institution wants to produce a hybrid of potato and tomato. Is it possible to make such a hybrid ? If possible, explain how. (MAY-2010)
Answer:
Somatic hybridisation – The isolated cells from to-mato and potato are converted into naked protoplasts by digesting the cell walls. Isolated protoplasts of the two plants are fused to get hybrid protoplasts which is further grown to form a new plant. Somatic hybrid of tomato and potato is called Pomato.

Question 4.
Ram Singh is a conventional wheat breeder, One the promising wheat varieties is found to be susceptible to leaf rust.
What breeding steps he will adopt to make his original promising variety resistant to leaf rust? (MARCH-2011)
Answer:
Breeding steps
a) screening germ plasm
b) hybridization of selected parents
c) selection and evaluation of hybrid
d) testing and release of new varieties

Question 5.
The method of producing thousands of plantlets through tissue culture is called ______.  (MARCH-2011)
These plantlets which are genetically identical to each other are called _______.
Answer:
a) Micropropagation
b) Somaclones

Question 6.
Being a member of the Committee of People’s Planning Programme of your Panchayat, suggest two common fresh water fishes to grow in the fresh water fishery project undertaken by your Panchayat.  (MAY-2011)
Answer:
Catla and Rohu

Question 7.
If the tomato plants of your village are virus affected, which part of the plant would you recommend to culture for virus free plants?  (MAY-2011)
Answer:
Meristem /Shoot tip

Question 8.
The regeneration of whole plants from any part of the plant grown under sterile conditions is called tissue culture.
a) The general term for the part of the plant taken out for tissue culture is _______.  (MARCH-2012)
b) The capacity to generate a whole plant from any plant cell is ______.
Answer:
a) Explant
b) Toti potency

Question 9.
Raju went to a Rice Research station on his study tour. There he noticed a scientist working on rice plants using scissors and forceps. To his surprise he saw the scientist covering the inflorescences with paper bags. (MARCH-2012)
a) Name the techniques the scientist was doing.
b) Give the purpose of these techniques.
Answer:
a) Emasculation & Bagging
b) It helps to prevent the contamination of unwanted pollen

Question 10.
A newspaper report read like this. (MARCH-2012)
“Conventional agricultural products like cereals, pulses and other seeds may not be able to meet the demand of food according to the increase in population. So focus has to be shifted to alternate food sources like SCP’s.
a) What are SCP’s?
b) Give one example of SCP’s.
c) What are the advantages of SCP’s?
Answer:
a) Single cell protein. It is alternative food source human consumption
b) Spirulina
c) They are protein rich food besides carbohydrate, fat and minerals.

Question 11.
Continued inbreeding, usually reduces fertility and causes non productivity. This is called ________. (MAY-2012)
Answer:
Inbreeding depression

Question 12.
Bee keeping requires some specialized knowledge for success. (MAY-2012)
a) What is the alternate name for Bee Keeping?
b) Give your suggestions for successful bee
Answer:
a) apiculture
b) i) Knowledge of the nature and habits of bees
ii) Selection of suitable location for keeping the beehives
iii) Catching and hiving of swarms (group of bees)
iv) Management of beehives during different seasons, and
Handling and collection of honey and beewax.

Question 13.
Plant breeding programmes are carried out in a systematic way in research organizations. Explain main steps in breeding to produce a new genetic variety. (MARCH-2013)
Answer:
i) Collection of variability
ii) Evaluation and selection of parents:
iii) Cross hybridisation among the selected parents:
iv) Selection and testing of superior recombinants.
v) Testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivars:

Question 14.
MOET is a programme for herd improvement. Expand MOET. (MARCH-2013)
Answer:
MOET- Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology

Question 15.
It is observed that continuous inbreeding of animals for 4 – 6 generations produce progeny with reduced fertility and productivity. What measures can be taken to improve fertility and productivity of progeny? (MAY-2013)
Answer:
The selected animals of the breeding population should be mated with unrelated superior animals of the same breed. This is usually helps to restore fertility and yield. The offspring of such a mating is known as an out-cross.
A single out cross helps to overcome inbreeding depression.

Question 16.
crop are completely used up and hence genetic variations are to be created for crop improvement. Suggest any one method for creating genetic variation. (MAY-2013)
Answer:
Mutation breeding

Question 17.
Vidya got a plant which was affected with a viral disease. Her objective is to raise a disease free plant from this infected plant through tissue culture. (MARCH-2014)
a) Which part of the plant should be selected as the explant?
b) State the reason for the selection of this part as the explant.
Answer:
a) Shoot tip
b) Conducting tissues are not present

Question 18.
Plant breeding involves techniques for manipulating plants in order to create the desired plant types. State the steps involved in the production of a new genetic variety of a crop. (MARCH-2014)
Answer:
The main steps in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop are:
i) Collection of variability
ii) Evaluation and selection of parents:
iii) Cross hybridisation among the selected parents:
iv) Selection and testing of superior recombinants Testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivars.

Question 19.
The local people in a village wanted to produce a crop with improved nutritional qualities. What are the major objectives to be included to improve the nutritional qualities? (MAY-2014)
Answer:
i) Protein content and quality
ii) Oil content and quality
iii) Vitamin content; and
iv) Micro nutrient and mineral content

Question 20.
Observe the relation in the first pair and fill up the blank in the second. (MAY-2014)
a)

b)

Answer:
a) Pusaswarnim
b) PusaSawani

Question 21.
In a debate one of the speaker reported like this. (MARCH-2015)
“Continuous inbreeding leads to inbreeding depression.” If so, define the following:
a) Outcross
b) Crossbreeding
Answer:
a) It is the practice of mating of animals within the same breed, but having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generations. The offspring of such a mating is known as an out-cross.
b) In this superior males of one breed are mated with superior females of another breed. Hisardale is a new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by crossing Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.

Question 22.
250 Kg. cow produces 200g of protein/day. In the same period 250 g of Methylophilus methylotrophus produce 25 tonnes of protein. Then what is single cell protein?  (MARCH-2015)
Answer:
One of the alternate sources of proteins for animal and human nutrition is Single Cell Protein (SCP)
Eg- Spirulina

Question 23.
In a Grama Panchayat, Members wanted to start a Bee-keeping industry. What are your suggestions for successful bee keeping ?  (MAY-2015)
Answer:
For successful bee-keeping it requires
i) Knowledge of the nature and habits of bees.
ii) Selection of suitable location for keeping the beehives.
iii) Catching and hiving of swarms (group of bees).
iv) Management of beehives during different seasons.

Question 24.
Observe the relation in the first pair and fill up the blank in the second.  (MAY-2015)
a)

b)

Answer:
a) Pusa sadabahar
b) Pusa sem 2, Pusa sem 3

Question 25.
Resistance is the ability to prevent the pathogen from causing disease.  (MARCH-2016)
1) Elucidate the steps in breeding for disease resistance.
2) Cite two examples for virus resistant plants.
OR
Tissue culture is an achievement in plant breeding. What is a somaclone ? Describe the production of somatic hybrid.
Answer:
1) a) screening of germ plasm for resistance
b) Hybridization of selected plants
c) Selection and evaluation of hybrids
d) Testing and release of new varieties
2) pusa sadabahar, parbhani kranti
OR
Morphologically and genetically similar off springs are produced through tissue culture called somaclones. Isolation of somatic cells from two different varieties Digestion of cell wall using enzymes.
Fusion of protoplast of two different varieties forming somatic hybrid protoplast.
Culture of protoplast hybrid to produce somatic hybrid.

Question 26.
a) Describe the major steps followed for the production of new genetic variety starting from the collection of germplasm upto elucidating the cultivars.  (MAY-2016)
b) A plant breeder has a rare variety of cultivar with him but unfortunately it has become infected with vims. Suggest a suitable technique to produce many viable number of progenies with a short note.
Answer:
a) Collection of variability
Evaluation and selection of parents Cross hybridisation among the selected parents Testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivars. Selection and testing of superior recombinants,
b) Meristem culture In this method virus free plants are developed because it lack conducting tissues

Question 27.
Match the following varieties with their respective crops:  (MARCH-2017)

Answer:

Question 28.
Breeding crops with the objective of increased nutritional quality is called _______.  (MARCH-2017)
Answer:
Biofortification

Question 29.
Out crossing and cross breeding are two different aspects of out breeding in animals. How out crossing is different from cross breeding?  (MAY-2017)
Answer:
Out-crossing
It is mating of animals within the same breed, but having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generations.
Cross-breeding
It is the method of mating superior males of one breed with superior females of another breed.

Question 30.
The practice of maintenance of honeybees for the production is called _______. (MAY-2017)
Answer:
Bee keeping (Apiculture)

Plus Two Botany Chapter Wise Previous Questions and Answers