Plus One English Improvement Question Paper Say 2015

Kerala Plus One English Improvement Question Paper Say 2015 with Answers

Time Allowed: 2^1/2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions to Candidates:

• There is a ‘Cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2^1/2 hrs.
• You are neither allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Read the questions carefully before answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Electronic devices except nonprogrammable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

(Q. 1 & 3): Read the following excerpt from the story, ‘The Price of Flowers’ and answer the questions that follow.

‘When I grow up, I shall be paid more for my work.
My mother is very old.’
‘Is the work you do to your liking?’
‘No, the work is very mechanical. I want work that will make me use my head, brain work.’

Question 1.
Who is the speaker? (1)
Answer:
The speaker is Alice Margaret Clifford. People called her Maggie.

Question 2.
What is meant by the expression, ‘brain work’? (1)
Answer:
“Brain work” is some work that needs the use of the brain. Maggie worked as a typist and in her opinion the work of a typist is not ‘brain work’ as she has to simply copy what somebody else has written.

Question 3.
What, in your opinion, are the drawbacks of mechanical work? (Write any two drawbacks) (2)
Answer:
One drawback is that it leaves your brain idle all the time. It makes your brain rust. Only by using the brain it gets sharper and brighter.

Question 4.
Read the following conversation between Greta and her dad. Make a report of their conversation. (You may begin with: Greta looked at the screen. Her dad, who was creating a house for her, asked whether……….)
Greta looked at the screen. Her dad, who was creating a house for her, asked, ‘Do you want peaches and pears in a house, with bowls in a kitchen?” Without paying attention to him, she enquired, Why are you writing all that down?’ He promptly said, ‘Because they’re yours. They belong to you’. Greta then said enthusiastically, ‘Put peaches everywhere’. (4)
Answer:
Greta looked at the screen. Her dad, who was creating a house for her, asked her whether she wanted peaches and pears in a house with bowls in a kitchen. Without paying attention to him she enquired why he was writing all that down. He promptly said that he did that because they were hers. They belonged to her. Greta then told him enthusiastically to put peaches everywhere.

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks in the following passage choosing the right words given in the box.

(a) …….., the fishermen leapt from their canoe and seized the two women, bound their hands and feet with vine, tossed them into the bottom of the canoe, and set off in great haste for home, (b) ………. the women pleaded for their lives, the cruel warriors from Nabukelevu did not listen to their entreaties. (2)
Answer:
a) Suddenly;
b) Although

(Q. 6 to 9): Read the following lines from the poem. ‘The Wreck of the Titanic’ and answer the questions that follow.

She was the last, best work of men,
And on her first voyage was speeding – when :
Out of the darkness, Out of the night,
Loomed an ominous form of ghostly white.

Question 6.
Who is referred to as ‘she’ here? (1)
Answer:
The Titanic

Question 7.
Identify the figure of speech used in the lines. (1)
Answer:
Personification

Question 8.
What was the ominous form of white that loomed out of night? (1)
Answer:
A huge mountain of ice (an iceberg).

Question 9.
Why is she said to be the last, best work of men? (1)
Answer:
The ship Titanic was the latest and the best work of men. It would sink and be lost forever.

Question 10.
Fill in the blank spaces to know what happened in the life of Stephen Hawking at certain specific periods.
At Oxford, Hawking ended up disastrously on the borderline between a first and second in the final examination. The examiners summoned him for an interview and questioned him about his plans. In spite of the tenseness of the situation, Hawking remarked, ‘If I (a) ………… (get) a first, I shall go to Cambridge’. He got his ‘First’ and went to Cambridge. Later, when the rare disease was diagnosed, he thought to himself, ‘after all, if l(b) ……… (be) going to die, I might as well do some good’. (2)
Answer:
a) get
b) am

Question 11.
James Shirley in his poem, ‘Death the Leveller’ speaks about the vanity and impermanence of life, earthly glory and power. What then is the only substantial thing in the world? (2)
Answer:
The only substantial thing in the world is the memory of the good deeds during our life time. They will last forever even when we are dead and gone from this world.

Question 12.
Narrate the ‘mad flight’ of the balloon, ‘Le Horla’ just before its landing, from the point of view of one of the peasants who witnessed the scene. (5)
Answer:
It is dawn. Cocks are crowing. I was standing with my friends in my farm when I saw the balloon flying overhead. We waved our arms to the passengers in the balloon indicating to them to stop as a storm was about to break. Soon the balloon would be over the sea. Clouds had hidden the sea from their sight.

Thunder is rumbling. Not a bird is seen. The balloon passes over a canal. The basket trembles and tips over. The guy rope touches the tall tree on both banks. The balloon passes with frightful speed over a large farm. The frightened chickens, pigeons and ducks fly away. The terrified cows, cats and dogs run towards the house. Soon the basket touches the ground. Then it flies up again. Again it falls and bounds upward.

At last it settles to the ground. The balloon struggles madly like a wounded beast. We run towards them. We are afraid to go too near. We helped them to pack up their materials and carry them to the station at Heist. Then they took a train at 8.20 to Paris.

Question 13.
Read the following excerpt from the essay, ‘The Cyber Space’ and write a precis reducing it into 1/3rd of its size.
Is there a place where you can go and be yourself without worrying about the neighbors? Yes, there is such a place : cyberspace. Formerly a playground for computer nerds and techies, cyberspace now embraces every conceivable constituency, including school children. Can they all get along amicably in the cyber world? Or will our fear of kids misusing the cyberspace provoke a crackdown?

The first order of business is to grasp what cyberspace is. It might help to leave behind metaphors of highways and frontiers and to think instead of real estate. Real estate, remember, is an intellectual, legal, artificial environment constructed on top of land.

In the same way, cyberspace is an unbounded world of virtual real estate. Some property is privately owned and rented out; other property is common land; some are suitable for children and others are best avoided by all but the oddest citizens. Unfortunately, it’s those places that are now capturing the popular imagination. They make cyberspace sound like a nasty place. Good citizens jump to a conclusion: Better regulate it. (180 words) (4)
Answer:
Cyberspace is where you can go and be yourself. Before it used to be a playground for computer nerds and techies. But now everybody, including school children, is part of it. Cyberspace is like real estate. Here, some property is privately owned and rented out. Other property is common. Some are suitable for children. Some should be avoided. (58 words)

Question 14.
Liam O’Flaherty’s ‘His First Flight’makes the reader think about the kind of support given by parents to make their children self-reliant and self-confident. After reading the story, you decide to communicate your feelings to your friend abroad . Draft an e-mail to send to him/her.
(Word limit: 40 to 50 words) (5)
Answer:
Dear Svetlana,
Today I read a story titled “His First Flight’ by Liam O’Flaherty. I feel how thankful we must be to our parents for making us competent to survive and succeed in this world. The parents are wise and clever and they want their children to be independent and self-reliant. Sometimes they even push us a bit harder to ensure that we develop the courage to face things with strength. Even when they punish us, they do it for our welfare. Without them we would be left cowardly and powerless.

Yours ever loving
Tresa

(Q. 15 to 18): Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

Oscar Pistorius, the double-amputee sprinter from South Africa, is known worldwide for his successful fight to run in able-bodied events, including the 2012 Olympic Games. Oscar Pistorius was born without a fibula in either leg.

Both legs were amputated below the knee when he was 11 months old, but he took up running at age 16 while rehabbing a rugby injury, and the next year won a gold medal in the 200 meters at the World Paralympic Games in Athens. Pistorius runs on springy carbon-fiber blades called Flex-Foot Cheetahs which attach to the stumps of his legs below the knees; they earned him the nickname of the Blade Runner. By 2007, he was competing in both able-bodied and paralympic events.

In 2008, the International Association of Athletics Federations ruled that his blades were a competitive advantage and banned him from competing with able-bodied runners. The Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that Pistorius could legally compete in IAAF races with the prosthetics. In 2012, he ran in the London Olympics as part of the South African 4 × 100 meter team.

The team did not win, but Pistorius did win two golds in the 400 meters and the 4 × 100 meter relay at the 2012 Paralympic Games which followed. However, things took a shocking turn a few months later: on 14^th February, 2013, Oscar Pistorius was arrested and charged with murder after his girlfriend, the model Reeva Steenkamp, was shot and killed inside of Pistorius’s home in Pretoria.

Though he committed the murder quite accidentally, mistaking his girlfriend for an intruder, the court sentenced him with five years’ imprisonment, on 21^st October, 2014.
For questions 15 and 16, choose the right option from the following.
Answer:

Question 15.
The world ‘Springy’ means ………. (1)
a) strong
b) bouncy
c) long
d) sharp
Answer:
b) bouncy

Question 16.
The word opposite in meaning to ‘sentence’ is ………… (1)
a) punish
b) prolong
c) acquit
d) pardon
Answer:
c) acquit

Question 17.
Why was he nicknamed as ‘The Blade Runner’? (2)
Answer:
He was named as The Blade Runner’ because he runs on springy carbon-fiber blades called Flex-Foot Cheetahs which attach to the stumps of his legs below the knees.

Question 18.
What made a shocking turn in his life? (2)
Answer:
The shocking turn in his life was the murder of his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp, who was shot and killed inside Pistorius’s home in Pretoria. He was charged with the murder.

Question 19.
Your school has decided to conduct a debate in connection with the celebrations of Women’s Day on the topic The social system of India does not instill confidence in women’. You are selected to speak for the motion. Draft the script for your arguments as you would like to present there. (4)
Answer:
Arguments ‘for’ the motion.

• Women are not given equal rights with men.
• They get lower wages than men although they do similar work.
• There is dowry system. To get a husband, money, ornaments or property has to be given to the groom.
• Following the old teaching of “Na Sthree Swatantryamarhati”, women are always kept
  under strict rules.
• In India, the life of a woman is a series of slaveries – first of the father, then of the husband and when the husband dies, of the son with whom she chooses to stay.
• When property is divided female children are not given equal considerations with male children.
• Even in dress and other things they are strictly controlled.
• They are even denied entry in places of worship.
• All religions are made by men and so they favour men and equality of women is only in name, but not in practice. No woman can become a priest in a church or temple or an imam in a mosque.

Question 20.
Read the following information about Nelson Mandela and prepare a short profile of him. (Word limit: 60 to 70 words).
Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) – South African political activist-law degree in 1942-1943, joined the ANC, 1956, arrested and charged with treason-acquitted in 1961-imprisoned for treason-20 years in-released in 1990 elected the first leader of the democratic South Africa-Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
Answer:
NELSON MANDELA
Nelson Mandela was born in 1918. He was a South African political activist. He got his law degree in 1942-43. He joined the African National Congress in 1956. He was arrested and charged with treason. He was acquitted in 1961. Against he was charged with treason and imprisoned for 20 years. He was released in 1990.

He was elected the first leader of the democratic South Africa. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993. He was influenced by the non-violent principles of Gandhiji. When he became the President of South Africa he told his people not to act violently against the Whites who had imposed Apartheid in the country. He died in 2013. He is the Father of the South African Nation.

Question 21.
Read the following comment made by Ivan Ivanich about his brother Nicholai in the story ‘Gooseberries’. ‘He was a good fellow and I loved him, but I never sympathized with the desire to shut oneself upon one’s own farm. It is a common saying that a man needs only six feet of land. But surely a corpse wants that, not a man.’
Here we find a sharp contradiction between the characters of the two.
What other differences do you find in their nature? (Prepare a write-up of about 75 words). (4)
Answer:
Ivan and Nicholai are brothers, Ivan 2 years older than Nicholai. After their father’s death, they had a hard time. They spent their days and nights in the fields and the wood. They minded the horses, took the bark of the lime trees and fished.

Ivan went in for studies and became a veterinary surgeon. Nicholai was at the Exchequer Court when he was 19. Nicholai did not like his job. For years he was thinking of only one thing-how to get back to the country and buy a small farm with a gooseberry bush near the bank of a river or lake.

Ivan loved city life. He did not like Nicholai’s idea of shutting himself up in his farm. It is a common saying that a man needs only 6 feet of land. It is the corpse that wants it, not a man. To leave town and the struggle and swim of life and go and hide yourself in a farmhouse is not life for Ivan. It is egoism, laziness.

Nicholai married an elderly, ugly, widow for her money. She died and Nicholai bought 300 acres with a farmhouse. He got 20 gooseberry bushes to be planted in his farm. When Ivan visited him, Nicholai took him to see his estate. In the evening when they were having tea, the cook laid a plateful of gooseberries on the table. They were from Nicholai’s garden.

The gooseberry was hard and sour but there was a lot of happiness in Nicholai. Even in the night Nicholai made trips to the dining table to eat his gooseberries. Gooseberries may be hard and sour to Ivan, but to Nicholai they were like elixir or manna from heaven. People are happy for different reasons. One man’s meat is another man’s poison and one man’s religion is another man’s madness.

Question 22.
After the eventful voyage to Calcutta, Ranaganji reached Liverpool. A.J. Cronin recommended Hasan fora promotion and sent him to the director of the ship with a character certificate. Imagine what he would write. Prepare the certificate for A.J. Cronin. (4)
Answer:

Government Hospital
Lord Curson Lane
Calcutta
17 July 1940

The Director
Eastern Import Export Company
Strand
London

Dear Sir,
Sub: Hasan, the Serang on Ranaganji

Our last trip to Calcutta was quite eventful. Ranaganji had nearly 1500 passengers – mostly tourists and pleasure seekers. The voyage to Calcutta began favourably in calm, clear weather and we passed Aden without any incident. Now we were in the Arabian Sea.

To our dismay and horror we discovered that two of our lascar deck hands had small pox. When I reported the matter to the Captain, Mr. Hamble, he told me to keep the matter a secret as the news would spread panic among the passengers. I was quite worried and did not know what to do and how to cope with the problem. It was then I realized what a good man Hasan, our serang, was. He told me not to worry.

He made a shelter in the stern of the ship into which the infected patients were moved. He volunteered to nurse them without worrying about his own safety. Later more workers were diagnosed with smallpox. In all we had 14 cases and Hassan took care of all of them without murmur and complaint. I was astonished at his selfless service and devotion.

Later two sick men died. Hasan sewed their shrouds and read loud a short passage from the Ramayana. We should know that he himself was a devout Muslim but he read the Ramayana because the persons who died were Hindus. It showed his religious tolerance. After that he cast the bodies overboard at midnight.

When we reached Colombo the sick men were taken to the hospital. Hasan was in the forefront to help them, although some of them were with running sores of smallpox. Normally no one would dare to do such things. ButjHasan did it. He really loved men.

It is difficult to find such unselfish and self-sacrificing people like Hasan. I strongly recommend that Hassan be given a promotion in recognition of his great services to the company. He should be made the Chief Petty Officer of Ranaganji.

I will talk to you more about the trip to Calcutta when I return to London.
With regards,

(A.J. Cronin)
Chief Physician of Ranaganji

Question 23.
Imagine that you are a tour operator of a houseboat. You have a new group of 20 tourists from abroad fora boat cruise. How would you introduce the cruise to them? Prepare the introductory speech you would likely to present there. (5)
OR
Imagine that you conducted a boat cruise along the backwaters of Kerala by houseboat. Prepare a travel essay on your boat cruise.
The following hints would help you.
(huge, slow-moving exotic barges-powered by a 40 HP engine-furnished bedrooms, modem toilets, cozy living rooms, kitchen, balcony for angling-curved roof of wood or plaited palm, open out provide shade and allow uninterrupted views-breathtaking view of the untouched and otherwise inaccessible rural Kerala).
Answer:
a)
Good Morning, my dear friends. You are welcome aboard this majestic houseboat. It is slow moving as we want to give you a good view of the things around. We are having the cruise of Kochi Backwaters.

You all know that Kerala is called God’s Own Country. Kochi is known as Queen of the Arabian Sea. It is believed to be the finest natural harbour in the world. It is a cluster of islands on the vast expanse of the Vembanad Lake. Because of its commercial importance, foreign powers vied for supremacy in the area and therefore the place has a blend of several exotic cultures like the Portuguese, Jewish, English, French, Dutch and Chinese.

They have left their marks on this land and you will see many of them during this exotic cruise. You can see the Giant Chinese fishing nets that billow from massive teak and bamboo poles that dot the entrance to the harbour. Silhouetted against the setting sun, they present a magnificent sight at the waterfront.

Houseboats are a unique way to experience the beauty of Cochin. The houseboats glide on the backwaters of Kochi, with panoramic view passing by.

The major tourist attractions are:
Bolghatty Island – Bolghetty palace, built by the Dutch in 1744 for their governors and later used by the British governors is situated here. Today it is a Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) owned hotel.

Willington Island – This is situated in the backwaters and is named after the British viceroy to India, Lord Willington. The headquarters of the naval command, port trust, trading centres etc are located here.

Fort Kochi – A fishing village, Fort Kochi became a European trading centre in the middle ages.
Mattancherry Palace (Dutch Palace) – This was built by some foreigners on Hindu architectural style in 1555.
St Francis Church – Built of wood in 1503, it may be the oldest European church in India. Vasco-da- Gama was buried here.

During the cruise you will be served refreshments and spicy food. I’m sure you are going to enjoy our ‘Karimeen fry’. Coffee, tea and various kinds of soft drinks and snacks are provided on the cruise. Sit down and relax and have a gala time. I will be giving explanations as we reach special spots.

OR

b)
I conducted a boat cruise along the backwaters of Kerala by houseboat. We concentrated on the Kochi Backwaters. Our houseboat was a huge one. It was a slow-moving one so that the tourists can have a good view of the surroundings. It was powered by a 40 HP engine. It had furnished bedrooms, modern toilets, cosy living rooms, kitchen and balcony for angling. It had curved roof of plaited palm.

As we all know Kerala is called God’s Own Country. Kochi is known as Queen of the Arabian Sea. It is believed to be the finest natural harbor in the world. It is a cluster of islands on the vast expanse of the Vembanad Lake. Because of its commercial importance, foreign powers vied for supremacy in the area and therefore the place has a blend of several exotic cultures like the Portuguese, Jewish, English, French, Dutch and Chinese. They have left their marks on this land and you will see many of them during this exotic cruise.

We saw the Giant Chinese fishing nets that billow from massive teak and bamboo poles dotting the entrance to the harbor. Silhouetted against the setting sun, they present a magnificent sight at the waterfront.

The major tourist attractions we visited were:
Bolghatty Island – Bolghatty palace, built by the Dutch in 1744 for their governors and later used by the British governors is situated here. Today it is a Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) owned hotel.

Willington Island – This is situated in the backwaters and is named after the British viceroy to India, Lord Willington. The headquarters of the naval command, port trust, trading centres etc are located here.

Fort Kochi – A fishing village, Fort Kochi became a European trading centre in the middle ages.
Mattancherry Palace (Dutch Palace) – This was built by some foreigners on Hindu architectural style in 1555.
St Francis Church – Built of wood in 1503, it may be the oldest European church in India. Vasco-da- Gama was buried here.

During the cruise the passengers were served refreshments and spicy food. If tourists caught any fish, it would be prepared and given to them during lunch or dinner. I’m sure they enjoyed the ‘Karimeen fry’. Coffee, tea and various kinds of soft drinks and snacks were provided on the cruise. People were relaxing and having a gala time. They told me they had some of the finest hours in their lives.

Question 24.
Mahatma Gandhi’s call of action in the pre-independent India was two-fold. Even after sixty-seven years of its independence, India is still in urgent need of this two-fold action. Prepare an essay on the ‘Internal and external challenges of free India’. (6)
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi’s call, of action in the pre-independent India was two-fold. Even after 65 years of its independence, India still is in urgent need of this two-fold action. The two-fold action in the pre-independent India consisted of getting freedom and fighting the social evils prevalent here.

We succeeded in getting political freedom, but we don’t have any economic freedom. Real freedom comes only when all the citizens of this country have good education, good health-care facilities, social and financial security and the circumstances to enjoy life without fear. We still have internal and external challenges.

India still has a lot of poverty. We still have a lot of beggars. To see the extent of this problem we should visit some of our famous pilgrimage centres. You see hundreds of beggars sitting there and begging. They also beg on the roads and go from house to house begging. It gives a very poor picture of India to the foreigners.

On the one hand we test different kinds of missiles, but on the other we fail to give even food, clothes and shelter to many of our people. Illiteracy, unemployment, gender inequality and religious intolerance are all problems that spoil India’simage.

External problems are mainly created by our neighbors, notably Pakistan and China. They keep provoking us at the border areas and do all they can to deny our rightful positions in the UN Security Council. Just in June 2016, we saw how China tried to keep India away from the NSG (Nuclear Suppliers’ Group), citing that if India is given membership Pakistan also should be given membership.

Question 25.
In the essay, ‘Disasters and Disaster Management in India’, you have learnt that constructing building according to proper guidelines and using good quality materials can reduce the risk arising from disasters. However, you find people violating the norms laid down by the government for constructing such houses, especially the multi storeyed flats and buildings. You decide to write a letter to the editor of a local daily to bring this matter before the authorities and the public. Draft the letter which you would send to the editor. (6)
Answer:

Kochi
17 July 2016

The Editor
The Indian Express
Kochi

Dear Sir,
POOR CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

With ‘METRO’ becoming a reality soon, there is a construction boom in and around Kochi. The real estate people and the building contractors are doing all kinds of gimmicks to construct high-rise buildings to be sold as one-bed room, two-bedroom and 3-bedroom apartments to the people who want to live in and around Kochi. They break all laws regarding the construction. Safety regulations are thrown to the winds.

Recently we heard how the Director of Fire and Safety in the buildings refused to grant permission to many high-rise complexes as they breached safety regulations. They make high rise buildings using cheap material. The steel rods rust.

The sand-cement proportion is not kept. There is no approach road for any fire vehicle to come near in case of a fine in the complex. The real estate mafia bribes the Municipal Authorities and get sanctions for their shoddy constructions. They are playing with the lives of people. Recently one building near Emakulam North Railway Station collapsed killing 3 people. The government should be strict with the construction regulations and only properly constructed buildings should e be given clearance for sale to the public.

I hope the new Minister in-charge of these things will do something to rectify matters.

Yours faithfully,
Riya Binoy

Question 26.
Read the sonnet, To Peace’ by Shakespeare and write a note of appreciation. (8)

To Peace

O Peace! Forages haven’t we invoked
Your grace, by chanting your name ceaselessly?
We’re sorely tired; our voices are choked:
Must you still evade us mercilessly?

What will you accept as our libation?
In vain we’ve offered you, at various stages,
Of Faith and Hope a sweet distillation.
‘Labour’ too failed to win you as ‘wages’.

Ah! You’re too precious to be won cheaply!
For you costlier things we need to barter.
We must place, one by one, successively,
The rarest things at your holy altar-

These being Love, Sacrifice, Selflessness,
Compassion, Contentment and Generousness.
(Libation : a drink poured as an offering to a god).
(William Shakespeare)
Answer:
We have been praying to Peace to come and dwell among us, and make us peaceful. We gave been doing that for a long time. We are tired and our voices are getting choked. But Peace has not yet come. What shall we offer you to please you? We have been offering you at different stages things like faith, hope and hard work. But you have not accepted them and you are still evading us.

We know that you are too precious to be won cheaply. We have to give you better to things to please you. You expect from us nothing less than the rarest things we can offer – love, sacrifice, selflessness, compassion, contentment and generousness.

“To Peace” is a beautiful sonnet by William Shakespeare. A sonnet is a poem of 14 lines. A sonnet has two parts. The first 8 lines are called octave and the remaining six lines are called sestet. The octave is the “proposition”, which describes a “problem”, or “question”. It is followed by a sestet which proposes a “resolution”.

Typically, the ninth line initiates what is called the “turn” which signals the move from proposition to resolution. Even in sonnets that don’t strictly follow the problem/ resolution structure, the ninth line still often marks a “turn” by signalling a change in the tone, mood, or stance of the poem. The rhyming scheme in this sonnet is abab in the octave and cdcdee in the sestet.

In the poem Peace is personified as a goddess who can be pleased only by offering her love, sacrifice, selflessness, compassion, contentment and generousness. It is an exquisite poem giving us a fine message. Do you want peace? Give love. Do sacrifices. Show compassion. Be generous and then contentment will come bringing you peace.

Plus One English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers