Kerala Plus One Economics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 8 Infrastructure
Plus One Economics Infrastructure One Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Which among the following is an economic infrastructure?
(i) Eduction
(ii) Transport
(iii) Healthcare
(iv) Housing
Answer:
(ii) Transport
Question 2.
Who was the largest consumer of commercial energy in 1953-54 in India?
(i) Household sector
(ii) Industry sector
(iii) Agriculture sector
(iv) Transport
Answer:
(iv) Transport
Question 3.
What is the Contribution of nuclear energy of total energy consumption in India?
(i) 2%
(ii) 13%
(iii) 20%
(iv) 10%
Answer:
(i) 2%
Question 4.
Which of the following nations has lowest Health expenditure as a percentage of GDP?
(i) India
(ii) China
(iii) USA
(iv) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(iv) Sri Lanka
Question 5.
Identify social infrastructure from the following.
(i) Education
(ii) Energy
(iii) Transport
(iv) Communication
Answer:
(i) Education
Question 6.
Find out conventional energy.
(i) Biogas
(ii) Wind energy
(iii) Petroleum
(iv) Solar energy
Answer:
(iii) Petroleum
Question 7.
Infant mortality rate in India in 2012 was ______ .
(i) 40
(ii) 47
(iii) 57
(iv) 60
Answer:
(ii) 47
Question 8.
Write the full form of NTPC.
Answer:
NTPC stands for National Thermal Power Corporation.
Plus One Economics Infrastructure Two Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Write any two features of Indian system of medicine.
Answer:
- They are very effective
- They are safe and inexpensive
Question 2
State whether true or false.
- education comes under social infrastructure
- solar energy is nonconventional energy
- Ayurveda is an Indian system of medicine
- major part power generation in India comes from hydro projects.
Answer:
- true
- true
- true
- False, major part power generation in India comes from thermal projects
Question 3.
Name some National Health Care Programme.
Answer:
- National Malaria Eradication Programme
- National Filaria Control Programme
- National Family Welfare Programme
- National Diarrhoeal Diseases Control Programme
Plus One Economics Infrastructure Three Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Name three sources of non-conventional energy.
Answer:
- Solar energy
- Wind energy
- Tidal power
Question 2.
Classify the following into commercial energy and non-commercial energy:
Coal, petrol, agricultural waste, dry animal dung, twig of trees, natural gas.
Answer:
Question 3.
Classify the following sources of energy into conventional sources and non-conventional sources.
(Coal, Electricity, Wind energy, Solar energy, Petroleum, Tidal energy)
Answer:
1. Conventional source files
- Coal
- Petroleum
- Electricity
2. Non-conventional sources
- Solar energy
- Tidal energy
- Wind energy
Question 4.
List various non-commercial sources of energy?
Answer:
Various non-commercial source of energy are :
- solar energy
- wind energy
- tidal energy
- energy from firewood
- energy from vegetable waste
- energy from dried dung
Question 5.
What are the three basic sources of generating power?
Answer:
- Hydroelectricity
- Thermal electricity
- Nuclear electricity
Question 6.
List the six system of Indian medicine.
Answer:
Six system of Indian medicine are :
- Ayurveda
- Yoga
- Siddha
- Unani
- Homeopathy
- Naturopathy
Question 7.
Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.
Answer:
Infrastructure is the support system on which the sufficient working of a modern industrial economy depends. It is the physical framework which is essential for giving services to people such as roads, railways, airports, ports, dam, power stations, telecommunication educational and health facilities, etc. Infrastructure consists of services like banking, communication, transport, irrigation, power, etc. These are very essential for production of goods.
Question 8.
Name different types of energy?
Answer:
The different types of energy are:
- Coal
- Petroleum
- Natural gas
- Bioenergy
- Solar energy
- Atomic energy
Question 9.
Categorize the following as elements of economic infrastructure and social infrastructure.
[Canals, Houses, schools and colleges, railways, ships, hospitals, banks, courts, power plants, satellite stations],
Answer:
Question 10.
Justify that energy crisis can be overcome with the use of renewable sources of energy.
Answer:
There are two sources of energy namely, commercial and noncommercial. Noncommercial sources are firewood, agricultural waste, and dried dung. These are noncommercial as they are found in nature. Commercial sources of energy like grass hay, twigs and small branches of a tree, sundried cow dung cakes are generally renewable.
More than 60 percent of Indian households depend on these traditional sources of energy for meeting regular cooking and heating needs. The energy crisis can be overcome with the use of renewable sources of energy.
Plus One Economics Infrastructure Four Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Write the names of four atomic energy plants in India.
Answer:
- Atomic energy power plant at Tarapur
- Atomic energy power plant at Narora
- Atomic energy power plant in Kalapakkam (Chennai)
- Atomic energy power plant at Rana Pratap Sagar Dam (Kota)
Question 2.
Write a note on ISM.
Answer:
Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM):
It includes six systems: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Naturopathy, and Homeopathy (AYUSH). At present, there are 3,004 ISM hospitals, 23,028 dispensaries and as many as 6,11,431 registered practitioners in India. But little has been done to set up a framework standardize education or to promote research.tSM has huge potential and can solve a large part of our health care problems because they are effective, safe and inexpensive.
Question 3.
Kerala is experiencing huge energy crisis. Suggest some measures for solving the problem.
Answer:
More public investment, better research and development efforts, exploration, technological innovation and use of renewable energy sources can ensure solution of energy crisis in Kerala. Though the private sector has made some progress, it is necessary to tap this sector to come forward and produce power on a large scale.
One also has to appreciate the efforts made in this regard. More efforts and encouragement should be given by the government for the widespread use of wind, solar and tidal energy production in the state. Moreover, greater reliance on renewable energy resources offers enormous economic, social and environmental benefits.
Question 4.
Analyze the state of health infrastructure in India citing facts and figures.
Answer:
India has built up a vast health infrastructure and manpower at different levels since independence. At the village level, a variety of hospitals have been set up by the government. India also has a large number of hospitals run by voluntary agencies and the private sector.
These hospitals are manned by professionals and paramedical professionals trained in medical, pharmacy and nursing colleges. Since independence, there has been a significant expansion in the physical provision of health services.
During 1951-2000, the number of hospitals and dispensaries increased from 9,300 to 43,300 and hospital beds from 1, 2 to 7.2 million during 1951 – 99, nursing personnel increased from 0.18 to 8.7 lakh and allopathic doctors from 0.62 to 5.0 lakh. Expansion of health infrastructure has resulted in the eradication of smallpox, guinea worms and the near eradication of polio and leprosy.
Question 5.
Differentiate between commercial and noncommercial sources of energy.
Answer:
Commercial sources of energy:
Commercial sources of energy include coal, petroleum, and electricity. They could be bought and sold. They are generally exhaustible in nature. More than 60 percent of Indian households depend on the traditional source of energy.
Non-commercial sources of energy include firewood, agricultural waste, and dried dung. They are found in nature or forests. Lesser number of persons use these resources.
Question 6.
Point out the connection between consumption of energy and economic growth?
Answer:
The central issue has been whether economic growth stimulates consumption of energy or is energy consumption itself a stimulus for economic growth. But whatever may be the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth of a nation, they are both closely related.
Since energy is an essential input of all productive activities, agricultural or industrial, the process of economic development inevitable demands increasing levels of energy consumption. The higher the degree of economic growth, the higher is the consumption of energy and vice versa. Thus energy consumption is an important indicator of economic growth.
Electricity is one of the most critical infrastructures that determines economic development of a country. The growth rate of demand for power is generally higher than GDP growth rate. In order to have an 8 % GDP growth rate per annum, the power supply needs to grow around 12% annually. This shows that the rates of consumption of energy and economic growth are connected.
Plus One Economics Infrastructure Five Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
‘Infrastructure facilities boost production’ Do you agree? Substantiate your answers.
Answer:
Infrastructure facilities boost production in the following manner.
1. Infrastructure provides support services in the main areas of industrial and agricultural production, domestic and foreign trade and commerce.
2. Infrastructure facilities include roads, railways, ports, airports, dams, power stations, oil and gas pipelines, telecommunication facilities, educational systems, health systems, monetary systems, etc. It is the support system on which depends the efficient working of a modern industrial economy.
3. Modem agriculture largely depends on infrastructure for speedy and large scale transport of seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, and the produce by making use of modem roadways, railways, and shipping facilities.
4. Infrastructure contributes to the economic development of a country both by increasing the productivity of the factors of production and improving the quality of life of its people.
Question 2.
“Infrastrucure contribute to the economic development of a country like india” Do you agree? Justify.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement that infrastructure contribute to the economic development of a country like India. The reason why infrastructure is an essential precondition for economic development are pointed out below.
1. Infrastructure contributes to economic development of a country both by increasing the productivity of the factors of production and improving the quality of life of its people.
2. Inadequate infrastructure can have multiple adverse effects on health. Improvements in water supply and sanitation have a large impact by reducing morbidity from major waterborne diseases and reducing the severity of disease when it occurs.
3. In addition to the obvious linkage between water and sanitation and health, the quality of transport and communication infrastructure can affect access to health care.
4. Infrastructure is in itself a source of employment for the large labour force of developing economies like India.
Question 3.
Suggest the progammes to increase the effectiveness of health care system.
Answer:
The following are the progammes to increase the effectiveness of health care system
- Public health facilities should be decentralized
- People should be educated about the nature, causes, and remedies of general diseases
- People should be made aware about sanitation facilities, cleanliness, immunization, etc.
- Efforts should be taken to develop health infrastructure
- Primary health care facilities should be strengthened
- Private-public participation in health care system should be encouraged
Question 4.
“India’s power sector faces some challenges today”. Do you agree? If yes mention the challenges.
Answer:
agree with the statement that India’s power sector faces some challenges today.
Some of the challenges that India’s power sector faces today are:
1. India’s installed capacity to generate electricity is not sufficient to feed an annual economic growth of 7 percent. In order to meet the growing demand for electricity, between 2000 and 2012, India needs to add 1,00,000 MW of new capacity, whereas, at present, India is able to add only 20,000 MW a year. Even the installed capacity is underutilized because plants are not run properly
2. State Electricity Boards (SEBs), which distribute electricity, incur losses which exceed Rs 500billion. This is due to transmission and distribution losses, wrong pricing of electricity and other inefficiencies. Some scholars also say that distribution of electricity to farmers is the main reason for the losses; electricity is also stolen in different areas which also adds to the woes of SEBs
3. Private sector power generators are yet to play their role in a major way same is the case with foreign investors
4. There is general public unrest due to high power tariffs and prolonged power cuts in different parts of the country
Thermal power plants which are the mainstay of. India’s power sector are facing a shortage of raw material and coal supplies.
Question 5.
There are some drawbacks in our health care system. Do you agree? Substantiate.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with these statements
The Indian constitution assign, the state, the responsibility of raising the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health. However, the National Health Policy lacks specific measures to achieve broad state goals. The government expenditure on health sector is 5% of total GDP. This is very low compared to other countries.
At present, less than 0% of the population utilises public health facilities However only 38% of the Public Health Centres (PHCs) have the required number of doctors and only 30% of the PHCs have sufficient stock of medicines. The people living in Rural areas do not have sufficient medical infrastructure.
There is shortage of beds, doctors and basic diagnostic facilities in rural areas. This has led to regional inequality in health services. Thus, it can be concluded that there are some draw-backs in our health care system.
Plus One Economics Infrastructure Eight Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Prepare a seminar report on “energy and health infrastructure”.
Answer:
“Energy and health infrastructure”
Introduction:
The plus one commerce batch of (Name of school) conducted a seminar on the topic “Energy and health infrastructure” on 12/09/2018 at 11.0 a.m with the ample guidance of our economics teacher. Our class was divided into three groups to cover the entire area of the topic.
The first group explained the meaning and relevance of infrastructure, the second group explained the energy infrastructure and the third group presented their idea on health infrastructure. They focused on the area given to them and the group leader presented the seminar paper after required preparation.
Content:
Infrastructure:
Infrastructure is the support system on which depends the efficient working of a modern industrial economy. Modern agriculture also largely depends on it for speedy and largescale transport of seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, and the products by making use of modern roadways, railways and shipping facilities.
Infrastructure contributes to economic development of a country both by increasing the productivity of the factors of production and improving the quality of life of its people.
1. Energy:
Energy is a critical aspect of the development process of a nation. It is, of course, essential for industries. Now it is used on a large scale in agriculture and related areas like production and transportation of fertilizers, pesticides and farm equipment. It is required in houses for cooking, household lighting, and heating.
There are commercial and non-commercial sources of energy. Commercial sources are coal, petroleum, and electricity as they are bought and sold. They account for over 50 percent of all energy sources consumed in India. Noncommercial sources of energy are firewood, agricultural waste, and dried dung.
These are noncommercial as they are found in nature/forests. Both commercial and noncommercial sources of energy are known as conventional sources of energy. There are three other sources of energy which are commonly termed as nonconventional sources solar energy, wind energy, and tidal power.
The most visible form of energy, which is often identified with progress in modern civilization, is power, commonly called electricity; it is one of the most critical components of infrastructure that determines the economic development of a country. The growth rate of demand for power is generally higher than the GDP growth rate.
Studies point that in order to have8 percent GDP growth per annum, power supply needs to grow around 12per cent annually. Electricity is a secondary form of energy produced from primary energy resources including coal, hydrocarbons, hydro energy, nuclear energy, renewable energy, etc. Primary energy consumption takes into account the direct and indirect consumption of fuels.
2. Health:
Health is not only absence of disease but also the ability to realize one’s potential. It is a yardstick of one’s wellbeing. Health is the holistic process related to the overall growth and development of the nation. Development of health infrastructure ensures a country of healthy manpower for production of goods and services.
In recent times, scholars argue that people are entitled to health care facilities. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure the right to healthy living. Health infrastructure includes hospitals, doctors, nurses and other paramedical professionals, beds, equipment required in hospitals and a well developed pharmaceutical industry.
Conclusion:
All the three groups presented their topics with necessary facts and figures. After the presentation, there was a question-answer session. The active participation of everyone made this session live and interesting. On the whole, the seminar was a big success.