Kerala Plus One Economics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 6 Rural Development
Plus One Economics Rural Development One Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Rural developments include:
(i) education and skill developments
(ii) land reforms
(iii) measures for alleviation of poverty
(iv) all of the above
Answer:
(iv) all of the above
Question 2.
Shift of workforce from agriculture to other allied activities like livestock, poultry, fisheries, etc, is known as.
Answer:
Diversification.
Question 3.
Golden revolution is associated with?
(i) Horticulture
(ii) Livestock
(iii) Fisheries
(iv) Pulses
Answer:
(i) Horticulture
Question 4.
How many banks were nationalised in 1969?
(i) 6
(ii) 9
(iii) 14
(iv) 20
Answer:
(iii) 14
Question 5.
White revolution is related to
(i) Bamboo
(ii) Cash crop
(iii) Milk
(iv) Foodgrain
Answer:
(iii) Milk
Question 6.
Blue revolution is related to
(i) Milk
(ii) Fish
(iii) Egg
(iv) None of these
Answer:
(ii) Fish
Question 7.
Which among the following is an advantage of organic fanning
(i) It is labour intensive
(ii) It is environment-friendly
(iii) It uses locally produced organic inputs
(iv) All the above
Answer:
(iv) All the above
Question 8.
Complete the following statement.
The credit provisions of SHGs are generally referred to as ………………..
Answer:
Microcredit programs.
Question 9.
“Regulated Market yards benefit farmers as well as consumers”. Do you agree with this statement?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with this statement that the Regulated Market yields benefit farmers as well as consumers.
Plus One Economics Rural Development Two Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
What is TANWA?
Answer:
TANWA stands for Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture. It is a project initiated in Tamil Naud to train women in latest agricultural techniques. It includes women to actively participate in raising agricultural productivity and family income. They promote small scale household activities like soap manufacturing, doll making etc.
Question 2.
Name few horticultural crops.
Answer:
Names of horticultural crops are:
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Medicinal plants
Plus One Economics Rural Development Three Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Complete the following.
a. Percentage of population living in the rural area is
(i) 25%
(ii) 50%
(iii) 75%
(iv) 90%
b. NABARD is the open bank providing credit to sector
(i) ombined sector
(ii) industrial sector
(iii) agricultural sector
(iv) tertiary sector
c. The Golden revolution was a period of very high productivity in
(i) food grain production
(ii) horticulture
(iii) organic farming
(iv) pisciculture
Answer:
a. (iii) 75%
b. (iii) agricultural sector
c. (ii) horticulture
Question 2.
Why the co-operative marketing could not gain momentum in India?
Answer:
Co-operative marketing has failed to gain adequate success in India because of inadequate coverage of farmer members and lack of appropriate link between marketing and processing management.
Question 3.
What do you mean by organic farming?
Answer:
Eco-friendly technology of cultivation is known as organic farming, it is the farming without using chemical fertilizers or pesticides. It uses natural mannure.
Question 4.
Give reasons for the declining share of agriculture in the GDP of India.
Answer:
After the initiation of reforms, the growth rate of agriculture sector has declined to 2.3% during the 1990s which was lower than earlier years. The reasons for this decline are inadequate infrastructure, alternate employment opportunities in the industry or service sector, increase in casualisation of employment in agriculture, etc.
Question 5.
Explain the term ‘golden revolution’.
Answer:
The growth of horticulture sector at a spectacular speed is called ‘Gloden Revolution’. The period between 1991 – 2003 is known as the period of golden revolution. During this period, the investment in horticulture became highly productive and the sector emerged as a sustainable livelihood option. Thus India could become leading producer of mangoes, bananas, coconuts etc.
Question 6.
Name a few traditional industries in India.
Answer:
The traditional industries of India are:
- Pottery
- Crafts
- Handloom
- Textiles
- Bamboo
Question 7.
Prepare a note on ‘Kudumbashree’ in Kerala.
Answer:
Kudumbasree is a women-oriented community-based poverty reduction programme being implemented in kerala. The objective of this group is to encourage savings. The small savings in women’s group creates more employment and productive atmosphere in women’s groups.
Question 8.
Prepare a note on NABARD?
Answer:
NABARD stands for National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. It was established in 1982, July. It has been assigned the role performed by agricultural refinance and development corporation and also the role performed by RBI for rural credit. NABARD provides short term loans for agricultural operation.
Plus One Economics Rural Development Four Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
What are the alternative channels available for agricultural marketing? Give examples:
Answer:
Following are the alternative channels available for agricultural marketing.
- Co-operative Credit Societies
- Reserve Bank of India
- Regional Rural Banks
- Commercial Banks
- NABARD
- Self Help Groups (SHGs)
Question 2.
Critically appraise Rural banking operations in the light of recent farmers suicides in India.
Answer:
The operation of rural banking had a positive effect on rural farm and non-farm output, income, and employment. Farmers were given a variety of loans for meeting production needs. This helped India to achieve food security and to gain a huge buffer stock of grains.
However, our banking system in the rural area could not meet all loan needs of the farmers. Some of the farmers still depend on local moneylenders. This system failed to develop a culture of deposit mobilization. Agriculture loan default was very high.
Question 3.
Mention some obstacles that hinder the mechanism of agricultural marketing.
Answer:
The farmers suffer from many problems relating to agricultural marketing. Some obstacles that hinder the mechanism of agricultural marketing are mentioned below.
- faulty weighing
- manipulation of accounts
- forced to sell at lower prices
- lack of proper storage facilities
- lack of infrastructure facilities
- inadequate coverage of farmers by cooperatives
- inefficient financial management
Question 4.
Match the following.
Answer:
Question 5.
‘Rainbow revolution is meant for overall agricultural development’, comment.
Answer:
The rainbow revolution is meant for overall development of Indian agriculture. Under rainbow revolution, the following revolutions are included.
Plus One Economics Rural Development Five Mark Questions and Answers
Question 1.
State whether true or false.
- Organic food has higher nutritional value compared to non-organic food
- Ten commercial banks were nationalized in 1969
- Golden revolution happened in fisheries
- SHG stands for Social Health Groups
- Use of chemical fertilizers lead to pollution.
Answer:
- True
- False. Fourteen commercial banks were nationalized in 1969
- False. Golden revolution happened in horticulture
- False. SHG stands for Self Help Groups
- True
Question 2.
“Organic farming and sustainable development are closely related to each other”. Substantiate.
Answer:
In recent years, awareness of the harmful effect of chemical-based fertilizers and pesticides on our health is on a rise. Conventional agriculture relies heavily on chemical fertilizers and toxic pesticides etc., which enter the food supply, penetrate the water sources, harm the livestock, deplete the soil and devastate natural eco-systems.
Efforts in evolving technologies which are eco-friendly are essential for sustainable development and one such technology which is eco-friendly is organic farming. In short, organic agriculture is a whole system of farming that restores, maintains and enhances the ecological balance.
There is an increasing demand for organically grown food to enhance food safety throughout the world. Thus it can be stated that organic farming and sustainable development are closely related to each other.
Question 3.
Identify the benefits and limitations of organic farming.
Answer:
A. Benefits of Organic Farming
1. Organic agriculture offers a means to substitute costlier agricultural inputs with locally produced organic inputs that are cheaper and thereby generate good returns on investment.
2. Organic agriculture also generates incomes through international exports as the demand for organically grown crops is on a rise. Studies across countries have shown that organically grown food has more nutritional value than chemical farming thus providing us with healthy foods.
3. Since organic farming requires more labour input than conventional farming, India will find organic farming an attractive proposition
4. the organic produce is pesticide-free and produced in an environmentally sustainable way
5. Organic fanning helps in sustainable development of agriculture and India has a clear advantage in producing organic products for both domestic and international markets.
B. Limitations of organic farming
1. Popularizing organic farming requires awareness and willingness on the part of farmers to adapt to new technology.
2. Inadequate infrastructure and the problem of marketing the products are major concerns which need to be addressed apart from appropriate agriculture policy to promote organic farming.
3. It has been observed that the yields from organic farming are less than modem agricultural farming in the initial years. Therefore, small and marginal farmers may find it difficult to adapt to large scale production.
4. Organic produce may also have more blemishes . and a shorter shelf life than sprayed produce. Moreover choice in production of off-season crops is quite limited inorganic farming.
Question 4.
Narrate the importance of agricultural diversification in promoting rural sector?
Answer:
Agricultural diversification is a system of fanning that encourages production of a variety of plant and animals and their products. Non-farm employment provides greater income stability, economies of size also reduces uncertainty of business. It involves maximum number of persons as it is labour intensive in nature.
The majority of small and marginal farmers cultivate mainly low-value subsistence crops. In the absence of farm and non-farm employment opportunities, they are forced to live below poverty line. So this problem is solved with the help of commercialisation and diversification of small farmers within and outside agriculture and their proper integration with local and global markets.
This is helpful not only in liberating the small and marginal farmers from the poverty trap, but also to meet the country’s growing demands for fruits, vegetables, milk and milk products, meat, fishes, eggs, etc. which generally show rising trends with increasing levels of per capita income in the economy.
Question 5.
“Rural development focuses on actions for the development of the areas that are lagging behind in the overall development of the development of the village economy” point out the areas of rural development.
Answer:
Rural development is quite a comprehensive term but it essentially means a plan of action for the development of areas which are lagging behind in socio-economic development. Some of the areas which are challenging and need fresh initiatives for development in India include
a. Development of human resources including:
- Literacy, more specifically, female literacy, education and skill development
- Health, addressing both sanitation and public health
b. Land reforms
c. Development of infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit, marketing, transport facilities including construction of village roads and feeder roads to nearby highways, facilities for agriculture research and extension, and information dissemination
d. Introduction of special measures for alleviation of poverty and bringing about significant improvement in the living conditions of the weaker sections of the population emphasizing access to productive employment opportunities.
Question 6.
Explain some measures taken by the government to improve agricultural marketing.
Answer:
Agricultural marketing encompasses all activities in moving farm products from the producers to the final consumers such as storage, transport, processing, etc. In India, agricultural marketing was regarded as operationally inefficient and exploitative in character. Hence to improve the position of agricultural marketing following things are required :
- Facilities for storing goods.
- Adequate and economical transport.
- Eliminination of intermediaries.
- Basic information of market conditions to get better prices for the produce.
The above-mentioned requirements for efficient agricultural marketing can be also classified into the following.
- Promotion of cooperative agricultural marketing societies.
- Developing regulated markets where marketing practices have been standardized so as to provide encouragement to farmers to come to mandis to dispose off their produce and prevent them from exploitation in the hand of Dallas.
- Granding and standardisation of produce to help the farmer to fetch better prices.
- Developing warehousing facilities, road transport, etc.
- Declaration of support price that offers a minimum price to the farmers for their produce.