Plus One Economics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 4 Poverty

Kerala Plus One Economics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 4 Poverty

Plus One Economics Poverty One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The estimated minimum calorie intake for a rural person is:
(i) 2000
(ii) 2100
(iii) 2200
(iv) 2400
Answer:
(ii) 2100

Question 2.
Who publishes the official data on poverty in India?
(i) Ministry of finance
(ii) Finance commission
(iii) Planning commission
(iv) World Bank
Answer:
(iii) Planning commission

Question 3.
Identify an anti-poverty programme in India
(i) REGP
(ii) PMRY
(iii) JRY
(iv) All the above
Answer:
(iv) All the above

Question 4.
Complete the following statement.
(i) Inflation is a situation of general price …………. level.
Answer:
Increasing

Question 5.
According to 2001 census, _____ % of people live.below poverty line in India.
Answer:
26.1%

Question 6.
When was NREGP started in India?
Answer:
On 2nd February 2006.

Question 7.
Give the new name of NREGP?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (MNREGP).

Plus One Economics Poverty Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
State an example each of self-employment in rural and urban areas.
Answer:
Self-employment in rural areas: Rural Employment Generation Program.
Self-employment in urban areas: Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana.

Question 2.
Point out the causes of urban poverty, mm
Answer:
In India, poverty exists both in rural and urban areas. The urban poor are largely the overflow of the rural poor who migrated to urban areas in search in employment and livelihood. The modem industries do not absorb all this surplus labour as they are unskilled. Most of the urban poor are either unemployed or face irregular job opportunities.

Question 3.
What is food for work programme?
Answer:
The ‘food for work’ programme was started in 1970’s. This programme aims at ensuring food for poor instead of money. It provides assurance to the family of the worker to get minimum food to eat and survive well. Then, this programme can solve the problem of malnutrition and poverty to a great extent.

Question 4.
Differentiate between absolute poverty and relative poverty.
Answer:
Absolute poverty is defined as the inability to achieve the minimum requirement of life, health, and efficiency as a result of very low level of income. On the other hand, relative poverty makes a comparison of relative levels of income of different people or groups of population to determine who is poor.

Plus One Economics Poverty Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Find the odd one out

1. PDS, ICDS, MDMS, NREGP
2. Rice, wheat, pulses, rubber
3. RLEGP, PMRY, NREGP, NSO

Answer:

1. NREGP. Others are food security programs
2. Rubber. Others are food crops
3. NSO. Others are employment generating programs

Question 2.
Match the following columns

Answer:

Question 3.
Name a few women-oriented poverty eradication programmes in India?
Answer:

• Panchadhara Yojana
• Kamdhenu Yojana
• Apni Beti Apni Dhan Yojana
• Kudumbasree

Question 4.
Define poverty line.
Answer:
Poverty line is defined as per capita consumption expenditure which is required to attain a minimum acceptable standard of living.

Plus One Economics Poverty Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Suppose you are from a poor family and wish to get help form the government to setup petty shops. Under which scheme, you will apply for the assistance and why?
Answer:
The following are the measures to solve the problem of poverty in a village like that of mine.

1. creating more employment opportunities in rural areas
2. educating the villagers 1
3. encouraging small scale and cottage industries to generate employment
4. spreading awareness regarding health and sanitation
5.  they should be made aware of the different schemes offered to them by the government
6. the government should provide them with basic amenities such as schools, roads, hospitals communication facilities, etc.

Question 2.
List out the causes responsible for poverty in India.
Answer:
Poverty is explained by individual circumstances and/or characteristics of poor people. Some examples are:

1. low levels of education and skills
2. infirmity, ill health, sickness
3. discrimination.

These can be caused as a result of

1. Social, economic and political inequality
2. Social exclusion
3. Unemployment
4. Indebtedness
5. Unequal distribution of wealth.

Aggregate poverty is just the sum of individual poverty. Poverty is also explained by general, economy-wide problems, such as:

1. Low capital formation
2. Lack of infrastructure
3. Lack of demand
4. Pressure of population
5. Lack of social/welfare nets.

Question 3.
Give the year of starting the following programmes.
i) SGSY
ii) RLEGP
iii) NREG Act
iv) SJSRY
Answer:

Question 4.
Critically evaluate the poverty alleviation programmes in India.
Answer:
A. Critical Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes:
Through the policy towards poverty alleviation has evolved in a progressive manner but over the last five and a half decades it has not undergone any radical transformation. Scholars state three major areas of concern which prevent the success implementation of the programs, they are:

1. Unequal distribution of land and other assets due to the benefits have been availed by the non-poor.

2. In comparison to the magnitude of poverty the amount of resources allocated for these programmes is not sufficient,

3. These programs depend mainly on government and bank officials for their implementation since such officials are ill-motivated, inadequately trained, corruption-prone and vulnerable to pres-sure from a variety of local elites, the resources are inefficiently used and wasted.

Plus One Economics Poverty Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Illustrate the difference between rural and urban poverty. Is it correct to say that poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas?
Answer:
The features of rural poverty are :

• Open, under disguised unemployment, are found simultaneously in rural areas
• It is difficult to differentiate between open unemployment and underemployment in rural areas
• No or meager facility of education, employment, social welfare, etc lead to poverty among the masses
• Rural people posses few assets and many are landless

The features of urban poverty are:

• Open unemployment is generally found
• One can differentiate between open and disguised unemployment
• Good facility of education, drinking water, sanitation, etc make the standard of living of urban people high
• Urban people posses many assets Yes, poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas.

This is clear from the fact that in n1973-74 more than 80% of the poor resided in rural areas but in 1999 – 2000, this proportion has reduced to 75%. This means that poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas. In the 1990s the absolute number of the poor in the rural areas has declined whereas the number of poor in urban areas has increased.

Question 2.
Write full form of the following.

1. PMRY
2. SGRY
3. NSSO
4. SJSRY
5. JGSY

Answer:

1. PMRY – Prime Minister’s RozgarYojana.
2. SGRY – Sampoorna Grameena RozgarYojana
3. NSSO – National Sample Survey Organisation
4. SJSRY – Swama Jayanthi Shahari RozgarYojana
5. JGSY – JawaharGramSamridhiYojana

Question 3.
Give the year of starting the following programmes.

1. Mid-day meals scheme
2. Aam Admi Bima Yojana
3. JLNNURM
4. Bharat Nirman
5. VAMBAY.

Answer:

1. 1995
2. 2007
3. 2005
4. 2005
5. 2001

Question 4.
Suppose you are a resident of a village. Suggest a few measures to solve the problem of poverty in your locality.
Answer:
The following are the measures to solve the problem of poverty in a village like that of mine.

1. creating more employment opportunities in rural areas
2. educating the villagers
3. encouraging small scale and cottage industries to generate employment
4. spreading awareness regarding health and sanitation
5. they should be made aware of the different schemes offered to them by the government
6. the government should provide them with basic amenities such as schools, roads, hospital communication facilities, etc.

Question 5.
Govt, of India, has introduced a number of antipoverty programmes. Do you think that these anti-poverty programmes are sufficient for reducing our country’s poverty? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The govt, implement many programmes to reduce poverty. REGP, PMRY, SJSRY, SJSY, MNREGS are few among them. The rate of poverty has been mitigated due to the implementation of these programmes. However, there are a lot of problems associated with these policies. They are given below.

1. The amount of resources allocated for these programmes is not sufficient.
2. The effectiveness of the implementation of these programmes depends mainly on government and bank officials. May such officials are ill-motivated, inadequately trained and corrupt. So the resources reach the hand of the people who do not reserve it.
3. There is non-participation of local-level institutions in programme implementation.
4. The government also failed to address the vast majority of vulnerable people who are living on or just above the poverty line.

Plus One Economics Poverty Eight Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss the various measures taken by the government to solve the problem of poverty in India.
Answer:
The poverty reduction approach of the government near of three dimensions.
a. Growth oriented approach.

b. Income and employment creation specifically for the poor.

c. Providing basic amenities to the people. Growth-oriented approach is based on the expectation that the effects of economic growth-rapid increase in Gross Domestic Income and Per Capita Income – would spread to all sections of society and will trickle down to the poor sections also.

The approach of income and employment creation specifically for the poor initiated from the third five-year plan. The programmes under the approach include food for work (1970) self-employment programmes like RLEGP, PMRY SJSRY. The Khadi and Village Commission implements these programmes. The government also started wage employment programme like national food for work programme, SGSRY, MNREGS, etc.

1. The Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP):
This programme was launched on 15th August 1983 to supplement NREP. This is a centrally sponsored scheme with 100 percent fund by the union government.

2. The PMRY:
GA was launched on 1^st April 2000. The programme aims at providing the housing needs of rural people. Providing basic amenities includes Integrated Child Development Scheme, Mid-day Meal Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana, ValmikiAmbedkarAvasYojana, etc.

3. Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS):
A nutrition programme meant for children below 6 years of age, pregnant and lactating women.

4. Mid-day Meal at School:
Mid-day Meal at School is in operation in several states. The programme was launched in all India level on 15^th August 1995.

Plus One Economics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers