Plus One Economics Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990

Kerala Plus One Economics Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990

Question 1.
The spread of the ‘Green Revolution Technology’ enabled India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains. Do you agree with this statement? Substantiate your answer. (March 2009)
Answer:
Yes. I agree with this statement. Green Revolution aimed at increasing agricultural production through the use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides, irrigation, etc. Its major advantages are:

• Non-dependence on foreign countries.
• Increase in market surplus.
• Reduction in prices of food grains.
• Increased agricultural production.

Question 2.
Pick the odd one out and justify your answer. (Say 2009)
Dadabhai Naoroji, R.C.Desai, Amartya Sen, V.K.R.Rao
Answer:
Amartya Sen – Others are related to National Income Committee.

Question 3.
Find the odd one out and justify your answer. (March 2010)
Dadabhai Naoroji, Sardar Patel, William Digby, Findlay Shirras, V.K.R.V. Rao, R.C. Desai.
Answer:
Sardar Patel. Others are related to national income estimation.

Question 4.
‘Green revolution has helped India to become self-sufficient in food production’. Do you agree? Justify. (March 2012)
Answer:
Yes, I agree.
At independence, about 75 percent of the country’s population was dependent on agriculture. Productivity in the agricultural sector was very low because of the use of old technology and the absence of required infrastructure for the vast majority of farmers. India’s agriculture vitally depends on the monsoon and if the monsoon fell short the farmers were in trouble unless they had access to irrigation facilities which very few had. The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the green revolution: this refers to the large increase in production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds especially for wheat and rice.

The use of these seeds required the use of fertilizer and pesticide in the correct quantities as well as a regular supply of water; the need for these inputs incorrect proportions is vital. The farmers who could benefit from HYVseeds required reliable irrigation facilities as well as the financial resources to purchase fertilizer and pesticide. As a result, in the first phase of the green revolution (the approximately mid-1960s up to mid-1970s), the use of HYV seeds was restricted to the more affluent states such as Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

Further, the use of HYV seeds primarily benefited the wheat-growing regions only. In the second phase of the green revolution (the mid-1970s to mid-1980s), the HYV technology spread to a larger number of states and benefited more variety of crops. The spread of green revolution technology-enabled India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains; we no longer had to be at the mercy of America, or any other nation, for meeting our nation’s food requirements.

Question 5.
True or False. (March 2012)
Golden revolution relates to horticulture.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Match the following: (Say 2012)

Answer:

Question 7.
A plan should have some clearly specified goals. What are the goals of five-year plans in India? (Say 2012)
Answer:
The goals of five-year plans in India are

• Economic growth
• Modernization
• Self-reliance
• Equity

Question 8.
Make four pairs from the following: (March 2013)
(Dadabhai Naoroji, NABARD, social medicine, National Planning Commission of India, Poverty line, the official data on poverty, rural finance, the spread of health literacy)

1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________

Answer:

1. Dadabhai Nauroji – spread of health literacy
2. NABARD – rural finance
3. Social medicine – spread of health literacy
4. National Planning Commission of India – the official data on poverty.

Question 9.
The Green Revolution and the land reforms are the two measures adopted by the policy makers of independent India to resolve the problem of agricultural stagnation in India. State the features of these two policies. (March 2014)
Answer:
Land Reforms: At the time of independence, the land tenure system was characterized by intermediaries (variously called zamindars, jagirdars, etc.) who merely collected rent from the actual tillers of the soil without contributing towards improvements on the farm. The low productivity of the agricultural sector forced India to import food from the United States of America (U.S.A.). Equity in agriculture called for land reforms which primarily refer to change in the ownership of landholdings.

The land ceiling was another policy to promote equity in the agricultural sector. This means fixing the maximum size of land which could be owned by an individual. The purpose of the land ceiling was to reduce the concentration of land ownership in a few hands.

The Green Revolution: At independence, about 75 percent of the country’s population was dependent on agriculture. Productivity in the agricultural sector was very low because of the use of old technology and the absence of required infrastructure for the vast majority of farmers. India’s agriculture vitally depends on the monsoon and if the monsoon fell short the farmers were in trouble unless they had access to irrigation facilities which very few had. The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the green revolution: this refers to the large increase in production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds especially for wheat and rice.

The use of these seeds required the use of fertilizer and pesticide in the correct quantities as well as a regular supply of water; the need for these inputs incorrect proportions is vital. The farmers who could benefit from HYV seeds required reliable irrigation facilities as well as the financial resources to purchase fertilizer and pesticide.

As a result, in the first phase of the green revolution (approximately 1960s up to mid-1970s), the use of HYV seeds was restricted to the more affluent states such as Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. Further, the use of HYV seeds primarily benefited the wheat-growing regions only. In the second phase of the green revolution (the mid-1970s to mid-1980s), the HYV technology spread to a larger number of states and benefited more variety of crops. The spread of green revolution technology-enabled India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains; we no longer had to be at the mercy of America, or any other nation, for meeting our nation’s food requirements.

Question 10.
“Operation Flood” is related to _________ (Say 2014)
(Fisheries, Horticulture, Sericulture, Animal Husbandry)
Answer:
Animal Husbandry

Question 11.
Suggest any two measures for the promotion of small scale industries in your locality. (Say 2014)
Answer:
i) Start more small scale industrial units with subsidy support of local self-government.
ii) Arrange marketing facilities for small scale producers.

Question 12.
Give a suitable term for the given idea. (Say 2014)
“Fixing of the maximum size of land a person can hold”.
Answer:
Land ceiling

Question 13.
Land in India suffers from varying degrees and types of degradations stemming mainly from unstable use and inappropriate management practices. Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India. (March 2015)
Answer:
The following are the factors responsible for land degradation in India.

• loss of vegetation occurring due to deforestation.
• shifting cultivation.
• forest fires.
• unsustainable fuelwood extraction.
• overgrazing.
• non-adoption of soil conservation measures.

Question 14.
‘In India, the land reforms lead to the abolition of intermediaries and redistribution of land among tillers of the soil’.
Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer. (March 2015)
Answer:
Yes, I agree.
Land reforms may be defined as institutional changes that aim at changing the land relations favorable to the actual tillers of land and increasing the average farm-size of the cultivators. Land reforms consist of two changes or reforms one is to reform the land relations between the owners and actual tillers of land and the second is to change the average size of landholding so as to make it an economically viable unit. The objective of land reform is to provide social justice to the cultivators in order to assure equal opportunity to the larger section of the rural population and to promote agriculture growth.

Broadly speaking the intermediary pattern of the land tenure system can be grouped into three distinct categories viz ryotwari, mahalwari, and zamindari. Under the ryotwari system, the registered holder of land is recognized as its proprietor and pays revenue directly to the government. The holder is at the liberty to sublet the property or transfer it. The system led to increasing in the number of tenant peasants and landless labor.

The abolition of intermediaries in all forms that covered more than 40 percent of the total land area started in 1948 with the enactment of legislation in Madras. Later on, other states followed the suit. The abolition brought large section farmers into direct relationship with the Government i.e. the tillers were made the owners of the land they cultivated and were responsible to pay land revenue to the Government. The landless agricultural laborers were also given land from the cultivable wasteland and forest land. The intermediaries were compensated by the Government.

Question 15.
Complete the following on the basis of hints given. (March 2015)
a) Green Revolution – Agriculture
Golden Revolution : __________
b) Statistics in singular sense – Statistical methods
Statistics in plural sense : ___________
c) Population – Aggregate from which data are to be collected in a statistical enqiry.
Sample : __________
Answer:
a) Overall Horticulture development
b) systematic collection of numerical facts
c) the limited number of observations selected from a population on a systematic or random basis.

Question 16.
List the names of the programmes which paved the way for a considerable increase in the production of _________ (Say 2015)
a) Fruits
b) Milk
Answer:
a) Golden revolution
b) White revolution

Question 17.
The following table shows the sectoral contribution to GDP (in percentage) in 1950-51 and 1990-91. (Say 2015)

a) Evaluate the changes in sectoral contribution.
b) Represent the above data of 1950-51 using a pie diagram.
Answer:
a) The above table shows the contribution of agriculture, industry, and service sectors to India’s GDP. It makes a comparative analysis of 1950-51 and 1990-91. From the data, it is clear that at the time of independence, agriculture was the major contributor to our GDP followed by the service sector and industrial sector. This picture has undergone change by 1990-91. The service sector is the major contributor to GDP during 1990-91. The relative significance of agriculture slightly declined which is a good sign of development.
b)

1950-51

Question 18.
Explain some measures taken by the government to improve agriculture marketing. (March 2016)
Answer:

1. Promotion of co-operative marketing
2. Regulated marketing
3. Grading and standardisation
4. Developing warehousing facilities
5. Better transportation facilities
6. Ensuring support price

Question 19.
“Green Revolution enabled the Govt, to procure sufficient food grains.” Identify the beneficial effects of the green revolution. (Say 2016)
Answer:
The spread of the Green Revolution enabled the Government to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains. The advantages of the Green Revolution is given below.

• India achieved self-sufficiency in food grain production.
• An increase in the production of food grains led to a market surplus.
• It was a great help for the poor sections of the society.
• It enabled the government to build a stock which could be used in times of food shortage.
• The government could supply food grains to the public at a cheap rate through the public distribution system.

Question 20.
True or False.
The second stage of demographic transition in India began after 1951. (Say 2016)
Answer:
False

Question 21.
List any four effects which ‘the miracle seeds’ created in Indian agriculture. (March 2017)
Answer:
The great effect of the miracle seeds’ in the Indian agricultural sector is given below.

• An increase in the production of agricultural output has made India self-sufficient in food grains.
• The increased production has reduced the import of food grains and food aid from foreign countries.
• Higher production has increased the income level of farmers.
• It has enabled the government to maintain buffer stock that can be used in case of food shortage.
• It has also helped in reducing the price of food grains which has benefited the poor people to meet their consumption needs.

Plus One Economics Chapter Wise Previous Questions and Answer