Plus One Botany Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 1 Biological Classification

Kerala Plus One Botany Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 1 Biological Classification

Plus One Botany Biological Classification One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In Whit takers, five-kingdom classification eukaryotes are distributed among
(a) two kingdoms
(b) three kingdoms
(c) four kingdoms
(d) all the five kingdoms
Answer:
(c) four kingdoms

Question 2.
Cyanobacteria are classified under which of the following kingdoms?
(a) Monera
(b) Protista
(c) Plantae
(d) Algae
Answer:
(a) Monera

Question 3.
Main component of cell wall of fungi is
(a) cellulose
(b) chitin
(c) pectin
(d) silica
Answer:
(b) chitin

Question 4.
Dinoflagellates are mostly
(a) marine and saprophytic
(b) freshwater and saprophytic
(c) marine and photosynthetic
(d) terrestrial and
Answer:
(c) marine and photosynthetic

Question 5.
Which of the following kingdoms do viruses belong to
(a) monera
(b) Protista
(c) fungi
(d) none of these
Answer:
(d) none of these

Question 6.
Observe the relationship between the first pair and fill up the blanks.

1. Thermoacidophiles: Archaebacteria in hot spring
2. Ripening of fruits: …………….

Answer:
Ethylene.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks.

1. Rhizopus: Phycomycetes
   Yeast: ………..
2. Holdfast: Anchorage
   Heterocyst: ……….

Answer:

1. Ascomycetes
2. N₂ fixation

Question 8.
Who proposed Five kingdom classification?
Answer:
R .H. Whittaker

Question 9.
Find out the correct sequence of taxonomical category.

1. Order → Kingdom → species → phylum
2. species → genus → order → phylum

Answer:
2. species → genus → order → phylum

Question 10.
In the five-kingdom system of Whittaker, how many kingdoms are eukaryotes?
Answer:
Four kingdoms

Question 11.
Observe the relationship between the first pair and fill up the blanks.

1. Nostoc : Eubacteria:: methanogens: ………….
2. Yeast: ………………..:: Rhizopus: Phycomycetes :

Answer:

1. Archaebacteria
2. Ascomycetes

Question 12.
Find out the odd one.
a. Diatom, Gonyaulax, Yeast, Euglena, Plasmodium
Answer:
Yeast

Question 13.
Vinod observed blooms in a polluted water body, his friend Kumar said that it might be nitrogen-fixing Nostoc or Anabaena. Can you suggest which type of cell can fix atmospheric nitrogen in these organisms?
Answer:
Heterocyst

Question 14.
Observe the relationship of the terms in the first pair and fill in the blanks:

1. Vibrio: Comma shaped
   ……….: Rod-shaped
2. Agaricus: Basidiomycetes
   Penicillium: ………….

Answer:

1. Bacillus
2. Ascomycetes

Question 15.
Difference between Virus and Viroid.
(a) Absence of protein coat in viroid but present in virus
(b) Presence of low molecular weight RNA in virus but absent in viroid
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Absence of protein coat in viroid but present in virus

Question 16.
Viruses are non-cellular organisms but replicate themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the following kingdom do viruses belong to?
(a) Monera
(b) Protista
(c) Fungi
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above

Question 17.
A virus is considered as a living organism and an obligate parasite when inside a host cell. But virus is not classified along with bacteria or fungi. What are the characters of virus that are similar to nonliving objects?
Answer:
Viruses are acellular and can be crystallized.

Plus One Botany Biological Classification Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The seven taxonomic categories are given below. Arrange them in the correct sequence starting from the smallest taxon.
Class → species → kingdom → order → family → division → genus.
Answer:
Species → genus → family → order → class → division → kingdom.

Question 2.
“Two kingdom classification is inadequate one”. Comment on it.
Answer:

1. It does not include organisms showing both plant and animal character.
2. It does not take into the consideration of nature of nucleus.

Question 3.
Five-kingdom classification of organism was given by R.H.Whittaker. State the criteria followed by Whittaker for his classification.
Answer:

1. Nature of cell
2. Nature of nucleus
3. Mode of nutrition

Question 4.
Name the following;

1. A protist which can live both as an autotroph and as a heterotroph.
2. Name a protist group which consists of saprophytes.

Answer:

1. Euglena
2. Slime mould

Question 5.
State two economic importance of

1. Heterotrophic bacteria
2. Archaebacteria

Answer:

1. Major decomposers that help in the curdling of milk, production of antibiotic, fixing nitrogen and cause diseases like tetanus, typhoid, cholera etc.
2. Archaebacteria: production of biogas.

Question 6.
What is the nature of cell walls of diatoms?
Answer:
Cell walls are made up of silica with two overlapping shells fit together like a soapbox.

Question 7.
Find out what do the terms algal blooms and red tides signify?
Answer:

• Algal bloom: Excessive growth of blue-green algae causes pollution of water bodies with characteristic odour.
• Red tide: Dinoflagellates like gonyaulax are red in colour which imparts red colour to seawater.

Question 8.
Find out what do the terms ‘algal bloom’ and ‘red tides’ signify.
Answer:
1. Algal bloom’: When colour of water changes due to profuse growth of coloured phytoplanktons, it is called algal bloom.

2. ‘Red tides: Redness of the red sea is due to the luxuriant growth of Trichodesmium erythrium, a member of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)’

Question 9.
How are viroids different from virus?
Answer:
Viroids are free RNA without protein coat. Viruses have protein coat which encloses either RNA or DNA.

Question 10.
Justify the physiological relationship between the algal and fungal component of lichen.
Answer:
The fungus holds water, provides protection and ideal housing to the alga. The alga supplies carbohydrate food for the fungus. If the alga is capable of fixing nitrogen, it supplies fixed nitrogen to fungus. This association is called symbiosis.

Question 11.
Bacteria reproduce by various methods. Mention the type of reproduction given in the diagram. What are the other methods of reproduction occur in bacteria?

Answer:
Binary fission
The other methods are sporulation and sexual reproduction.

Question 12.
Biological classification is essential. Comment.
Answer:
The animals and plants vary greatly in their form, structure and mode of life. To find out an organism of known characters from the vast number of organism is simply impossible. So classification is important to divide into groups and subgroups.

Question 13.
Match the following:

Answer:

• a – Phytophthora infestans – light blight of potato.
• b- Agaricus campestris
• c – Penicillium notatum
• d – Saccharomyces cere visae

Question 14.
Plants are autotrophs. Can you think of some plants that are heterotrophs?
Answer:
Generally all plants are autotrophs but plants like loranthus and cuscuta absorbs water & nutrients from other plants so they are called as heterotrophs.

Question 15.
What are the characteristic features of Euglenoides?
Answer:
They have protein sheath is called pellicle instead of cell wall. They have two flagella – One long and other short. They are photosynthetic in the presence of light and behave as heterotrophs in the absence of sunlight.

Question 16.
Give 4 difference between Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes:
Answer:

Question 17.
Observe the cyanobacteria given below and answer the following.

1. Name the cyanobacteria, and the kingdom it belongs.
2. Label’s ‘P’ and mention its functions.

Answer:

1. Nostoc-kingdom-Monera
2. Heterocyst – To fix nitrogen from the atmosphere.

Question 18.
What do the terms phycobiont and mycobiont signify?
Answer:
Algal component of lichen is called phycobiont. It prepares food for fungus. Fungal partner is called mycobiont. It provides shelter and absorbs mineral nutrients for algae.

Question 19.
Prepare a comparative account of different classes of kingdom fungi by considering following statements.
Answer:

1. Mode of nutrition
2. Mode of reproduction

Question 20.
The two-kingdom classification is introduced by Linnaeus. Why is the two kingdom classification inadequate?
Answer:
There was no place of viruses and bacteriophages which can neither be considered as prokaryotes not eukaryotes.

In this classification, eukaryotes were put together with prokaryotes and non-photosynthetic fungi along with photosynthetic plants.

Question 21.
How is the five-kingdom classification advantageous over the two kingdom classification?
Answer:
In this classification main criteria used by R H Whittaker include cell structure, thallus organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships. These characters were not considered in two kingdom classification.

Question 22.
Are chemosynthetic bacteria-autotrophic or heterotrophic?
Answer:
Autotrophic, because they get energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds. So the released energy is stored in the ATP molecules.

Question 23.
Cyanobacteria and some other photosynthetic bacteria don’t have chloroplasts. How do they conduct photosynthesis?
Answer:
Cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria have thylakoids suspended freely in the cytoplasm (i.e., they are not enclosed in membrane), and they have bacteriochlorophyll

Question 24.
With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose the correct sequence of events.
Answer:

1. Karyogamy, Plasmogamy and Meiosis
2. Meiosis, Plasmogamy and Karyogamy
3. Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis
4. Meiosis, Karyogamy and Plasmogamy

Question 25.
What is the principle underlying the use of cyanobacteria in agricultural fields for crop improvement?
Answer:
It is due to the presence of special nitrogen-fixing cell called heterocyst present between the filaments. So it helps to increase N2 content in the soil.

Question 26.
Methane is the main component of biogas and it is produced by bacteria.

1. Name the bacteria.
2. Identify the group in which it belongs.

Answer:

1. Methanogens
2. Archaebacteria

Question 27.
Based on the relationship, fill in the blanks.

1. Sac fungi: Ascomycetes
   Imperfect fungi: …………
2. Thermoacidophiles: Archaebacteria in hot springs
   …………………: Archaebacteria in Salty areas

Answer:

1. Deuteromycetes
2. Halophiles

Question 28.
Name the kingdom in which euglena belongs. Give the special type nutrition.
Answer:
Kingdom Protista, Mixotrophic nutrition (ie, both autotrophic and heterotrophic).

Question. 29
Some bacteria are different from others and they have the ability to survive in extreme conditions. Name it.
Answer:
Archaebacteria (halophiles, thermoacidophiles and methanogens).

Question 30.
Mycoplasma are included in five kingdom classification but not viruses. Why?
Answer:
Because mycoplasmas are living cellular organisms but viruses are acellular particles.

Question 31.
In which division of protista chief producers in ocean belongs. Give the cell wall composition of such organisms.
Answer:
Chrysophytes, silicified cell wall.

Question 32.
Nitrobactor and nitrosomonas are free living nitrogen fixers and chemoautotrophs but their functions are different. Do you agree. Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes. Nitrobactor converts nitrite into nitrate while nitrosomonas converts ammonia into nitrites.

Question 33.
Name the classes fungi shows exogenous and endogenous spore production. In which fruiting bodies they are found.
Answer:

• Exogenous-Basidiomycetes. Its fruiting body is basidiocarp.
• Endogenous-Ascomycetes. Its fruiting body is ascocarp.

Question 34.
Rust and smut diseases are caused by the members of basidiomycetes. Name it.
Answer:
Smut disease- Ustilago, Rust disease-Puccinia.

Question 35.
What are the events takes place in slime mould during favourable and unfavourable season?
Answer:
During favourable condition the cells aggregate and form plasmodium while in unfavourable season plasmodium differentiates and produce fruiting bodies that bear spores at tip.

Question. 36
Suppose you accidentally find an old preserved permanent slide without a label. In your effort to identify it, you place the slide under microscope and observe the following features

1. Unicellular
2. Well defined nucleus
3. Biflagellate-one flagellum lying longitudinally and the other transversely.

What would you identify it as? Can you name the kingdom it belongs to?
Answer:
Dinoflagellates, Kingdom protista

Question. 37
What would you identify it as? Can you name the kingdom it belongs to?
Answer:
Dinoflagellates, Kingdom protista

Question. 38
Why lichens are called as dual organisms?
Answer:
Lichens are said to be dual organisms because they show a symbiotic association between a fungus and alga.

Question 39.
Name the asexual, reproductive structure of penicillium and yeast.
Can penicilium reproduce through sexual method? If the yes or no Give reason.
Answer:
Conidia – penicilium, buds – yeast
Yes, It is done by the production of ascospores in asci of Ascocarp.

Question 40.
Organise a discussion in your class on the topic virus. Are viruses living or non-living?
Answer:
They are filterable and may becrystalised. They are inert outside their specific host and able to reproduce inside the living host cell, so they are considered as living. They use the protein synthesising machinery of the host.
Eg. AIDS virus, mumps virus etc.

Question 41.
How are viroids different from viruses?
Answer:

Question 42.
Some bacteria are specialised and live in extreme habitat.

1. Name the types of bacteria are specified in the above statement.
2. Which is the part of bacteria modified to live in that condition?

Answer:
1. Types of bacteria

• Methanogens
• Halophiles
• Thermo acidophiles

2. Ceil wall structure

Question 43.
The two nuclei per cell can be seen in fungal cell but it later fuse in some members.

1. Name such type of fungal hyphae or mycelium.
2. Identify the classes of fungi.

Answer:

1. Dikaryotic mycelium
2. Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes

Question 44.
Classify the pathogenic microorganisms and disease in different groups based on the following symptoms mosaic disease, citrus canker .potato spindle tuber disease, sleeping sickness, malaria.
Answer:
mosaic disease-virus, citrus canker-Bacteria, potato spindle tuber disease -viroids, sleeping sickness- Trypanosoma, malaria-Plasmodium vivax.

Plus One Botany Biological Classification Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Describe briefly the four major groups of protozoa.
Answer:
Protozoans are heterotrophs act either as predators
or parasites. They are of four groups

1. Amoeboid protozoans: They capture their prey by using pseudopodia. They live in freshwater. Some are parasites eg: entamoeba.
2. Flagellated protozoans: They are free-living or parasites. They cause diseases, eg: Trypanosoma-sleeping sickness.
3. ciliated protozoans: They possess cilia in their body surface for locomotion. They have gullet for food intake. Eg: Paramecium
4. Sporozoans: They are spore-producing organism that causes diseases eg: plasmodium causing malaria.

Question 2.
Different types of fungi are given
1. Classify them into their specific classes.

2. Write the distinguishing characters of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
3. The characteristic features of members of monera are given below.

Organisms lack cell wall, live without oxygen, smallest living cell and causes diseases. Identify the organism by analysing the above characters.
Answer:
1. specific classes.

• Phycomycetes – Mucor, Albugo
• Ascomycetes – Neurospora, Claviceps
• Basidiomycetes-Agaricus, Ustilago
• Deuteromycetes – Altemaria, Trichoderma.

2. In ascomycetes, Asexual mode of reproduction is prominent by conidiospores. In Basidiomycetes asexual spores are not found. Sexual spores are arranged in ascus with Ascospores in ascomycetes, whereas sexual spores are arranged in basidium in basidiomycetes.

3. Mycoplasma

Question 3.
Give a brief account of virus with respect to their structure and nature of genetic material. Also, name four common viral diseases?
Answer:
Viruses are organism having inert crystalline structure outside the living cell. They have genetic material RNA or DNA.which is either single-stranded/double-stranded. It is enclosed by protein capsid with subunits called capsomeres.

The viral genetic material takes control over the host cell mechanism during infection. Some common viral diseases are mumps, herpes, smallpox and influenza in animals and mosaic disease in plants.

Question. 4
In which groups are the following found- Sporangiophore, Conidia, zygospore and ascospore.
Answer:

• Conidia are spores found in ascomycetes.
• These are haploid asexual spores produced in chains exogenously.
• Zygospores are the diploid resting spores found in mucor.
• Ascospores are haploid sexual spores found in sac-like structure (ascus).
• Sporangiophore is an aerial branch produced by hyphae in mucor that bear sporangia.

Plus One Botany Biological Classification NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the nature of cell walls in diatoms?
Answer:
The cell walls in diatoms are embedded with silica, which makes them indestructible. They form two thin overlapping shells which fit together as in a soapbox. Thus diatoms have left behind large amounts of cell wall deposits in their habitat.

Question 2.
How are viroids different from viruses?
Answer:
Viroids are free RNAs without the protein coat, while virus has a protein coat encapsulating the RNA.

Question 3.
Describe briefly the four major groups of Protozoa.
Answer:
Four major groups of Protozoa are as given below:
1. Amoeboid Protozoa:
They are found in freshwater, seawater or moist soil. They have pseudopodia, like amoeba, hence the name ameoboid protozoa.

2. Flagellated Protozoans:
They have flagella helps in locomotion. Some are parasite. Eg. Trypanosoma causes sleeping sickness.

3. Ciliated Protozoa:
They have thousands of cilia present all over the body. The cilia helps in locomotion and steering of food into the gullet.

4. Sporozoans:
Many protozoans have an infectious spore-like stage in the life cycle. The spore-like stage helps them get transferred from one host to another host.

Question. 4
Plants are autotrophic. Can you think of some plants that are partially heterotrophic?
Answer:
Certain insectivorous plants, like bladderwort and venus fly trap, are partially heterotrophic.

Question. 5
What do the terms phycobiont and mycobiont signify?
Answer:
Lichens are good examples of symbiotic life of algae and fungi. Phycobiont is the name of the part composed of algae and Mycobiont is the name of the part composed of fungi. Fungi provide minerals and support to the alage, while algae provide nutrition to the fungi.

Question 6.
What are the characteristic features of Euglenoids?
Answer:
Features of Euglenoids.

• No cell wall.
• Protein-rich layer, called pellicle, which makes flexible body.
• Two flagella of different lengths.
• Autotrophs in sunlight, heterotrophs in the absence of sunlight. Example: Euglena.

Question 7.
Give a brief account of viruses with respect to their structure and nature of genetic material. Also name four common viral diseases.
Answer:
Virus Structure:
Outside a host cell, virus is a crystalline structure, composed of protein. Inside the crystal, there is genetic material, which can be either RNA or DNA. No virus has both RNA and DNA. Viruses, infecting plants, have single-stranded RNA. Viruses, infecting animals, have either single or double-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA.

The protein coat is called capsid. Capsid is made of smaller subunits, called capsomeres, it protects nucleic acid. Diseases caused by Virus; AIDS, Mumps, Influenza, Herpes.

Question 8.
Find out what do the terms ‘algal bloom’ and ‘red tides’ signify.
Answer:
Dinoflagellates can be of different colours depending on the type of pigment present. The red dinoflagellate sometimes multiplies at a very rapid rate. This is called as algal bloom. This gives a red appearance to the part of affected sea. This is also known as ‘red tide’. Toxins released by them can kill other marine species.

Plus One Botany Biological Classification Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The life form used as indicators of pollution
(A) Lichens
(B) Protozoa
(C) Algae
(D) Agaricus
Answer:
(A) Lichens

Question 2.
Kingdom monera comprises
(A) Amoeba, Bacteria,Trypanosoma
(B) Bacteria, Viruses,Virolds
(C) Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Mycoplasma
(D) Mycoplasma, Viruses, Bacteria
Answer:
(C) Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Mycoplasma

Question 3.
Who discovered two-kingdom classification
(A) Ivanowsky
(B) Stanley
(C) leuwernhoek
(D) Linnaeus
Answer:

Question 4.
Asexual reproduction takes place by Zoospores in
(A) Pythium
(B) Agaricus
(C) Rhizopus
(D) Ustilago
Answer:
(D) Ustilago

Question 5.
Identify the organism used as bioweapon
(A) Bacillus thuringiensis
(B) Bacillus anthracis
(C) Pseudomonas citri
(D) Rhizobium tumefacient
Answer:
(B) Bacillus anthracis

Question 6.
Reserve food in the form of glycogen and cell wall made up of chitin are characteristic of
(A) Protists
(B) bacteria
(C) Fungi
(D) protozoa
Answer:
(C) Fungi

Question 7.
The fruiting body of club fungi is
(A) Basidium
(B) Ascus
(C) Ascocarp
(D) Basidiocarp
Answer:
(D) Basidiocarp

Question 8.
RNA without protein coat are found in
(A) bacteria
(B) protozoa
(C) viruses
(D) viroides
Answer:
(D) viroides

Question 9.
The phycobiont and mycobiont are found in
(A) bacteria
(B) lichen
(C) viroides
(D) fungi
Answer:
(B) lichen

Question 10.
The organism which causing sleeping sickness belongs to
(A) Protists
(B) bacteria
(C) Fungi
(D) viruses
Answer:
(A) Protists

Question 11.
In which of the following groups are neurospora and Penicillium included?
(A) Phycomycetes
(B) Basidiomycetes
(C) Zygomycetes
(D) Ascomycetes
Answer:
(D) Ascomycetes

Question 12.
Occurrence of Dikaryon phase is characteristic feature of
(A) Bacteria
(B) Fungus
(C) Slime moulds
(D) Cyanobacteria
Answer:
(B) Fungus

Question13.
Methane producers are belongs to
(A) Archaebacteria
(B) Cyanobacteria
(C) Eubactenia
(D) Actinomycetes
Answer:
(A) Archaebacteria

Question 14.
Heterocyst are found in
(A) Nitrosomonas
(B) cyanobacteria
(C) fungi
(D) protozoa
Answer:
(B) cyanobacteria

Question 15.
Colletotrichum falcatum is a fungus causing the following disease
(A) Smut of wheat
(B) Wilt disease of cotton
(C) Red rot of sugar cane
(D) Late blight of potato
Answer:
(C) Red rot of sugar cane

Plus One Botany Chapter Wise Questions and Answers