Explain Different Methods of Contraception
Prevention of pregnancy is called contraception. The techniques used in preventing the occurrence of pregnancy are called contraceptive devices.
Mechanical Barrier Methods of Contraception :
Condom :
It is tubular latex sheath which is worn over the male copulatory organ or penis during sex.
Cerival cap :
It is rubber nipple that is fitted over the cervix.
Diaphragm :
It is tubular rubber sheath with flexible metal or spring ring at the margin which is fitted inside vagina.
Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCD or IUD) :
They are devices made of plastic, metal or a combination of the two which is inserted into uterus to prevent contraception generally through excessive secretion of cervical mucus. The most common type is copper for preventing implantation. It is functional for 3-5 years.
Hormonal Methods of Contraception :
Oral Pills :
They contain progesterone with or without estrogen.
Implants :
They are subdermal devices which provide long term contraception, e.g., norplant.
Morning-After Pills :
They prevent contraception even after coitus,
e.g., i pill
Chemical Methods of Contraception :
They are creams, jellies and foaming tablets (vaginal pills) which are placed in vagina for killing the sperms at the time of coitus.
Reversible Sterilisation or Surgical Method :
It is of two types vasectomy in males and tubectomy in females.
Vasectomy :
The two vasa deferentia of the male are blocked by cutting a small piece and tying the rest. This prevents passage of sperms from testes to semen.
Tubectomy :
A portion of both the fallopian tubes is excised or ligated to block the passage of ovum.