CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 6

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 6 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 6

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• All questions are compulsory.
• Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
• Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
• Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
• Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
• Questions no. 21 is map based question.
• Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words.

Question 1.
What was India’s policy of Non-alignment?

Question 2.
What is the new name of former USSR?

Question 3.
What was the Guantanamo Bay?

Question 4.
What was meant by Princely States?

Question 5.
Which political party laid emphasis on the idea of one party, one culture and one nation?

Question 6.
What was Marshall Plan?

Question 7.
Mention the aims and goals of the Socialist Party of India. Why could the party not prove itself as an effective alternative to the Congress?

Question 8.
Match the following:

Question 9.
Which two differences between India and China led to an army conflict in 1962?

Question 10.
Why did senior Congress leader support Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister after the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri?

Question 11.
Explain the problems that India have with Pakistan.

Question 12.
“Military rule and democracy are the two sides of a coin in Pakistan”. Examine the statement.

Question 13.
What are the functions of Security Council?

Question 14.
Evaluate the consequences of declaration of Emergency in 1975?

Question 15.
What is the Right to Information Act? When was it passed in India? Write in brief.

Question 16.
What was the main outcome of Rajiv Gandhi Longowal accord in July 1985?

Question 17.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
At the most simple level, globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of government to do what they do. All over the world, the old welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens. However, it withdraws from many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being. In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities. The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the world leads to a reduction in the capacity of governments to take decisions on their own.
(i) What do the words erosion of the state capacity ‘mean’? Give an example.
(ii) Why does the concept of welfare state favour to a minimalist state?
(iii) How has market become the main determinant of social priorities?

Question 18.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions:
What does independence consist of? It consists fundamentally and basically of foreign relations. That is the test of independence. All else is local autonomy. Once foreign relations go out of your hands into the charge of somebody else, to that extent and in that measure you are not independent. Jawaharlal Nehru
(i) What does the extract signify?
(ii) What is not an independence as per Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru?
(iii) What did India do to maintain its sovereignty?

Question 19.
Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Who has been represented by cartoon wearing cap?
(ii) What does this cartoon try to speak?
(iii) Which event can be correlated with this cartoon?
(iv) ‘You posed a potential threat’. What does this refer?

Question 20.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions:
There were many acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency. Many political workers who were not arrested in the first wave, went ‘underground’ and organised protests against the government. Newspapers like the Indian Express and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored. Magazines like the Seminar and the Mainstream chose to close down rather than submit to censorship. Many journalists were arrested for writing against the Emergency. Any underground newsletters and leaflets were published to bypass censorship. Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth, awarded with Padma Bhushan, and Hindi writer Phanishwarnath Renu, awarded with Padma Shri, returned their awards in protest against the suspension of democracy. By and large, though, such open acts of defiance and resistance were rare.
(i) Why did people began to protest against government?
(ii) Which newspapers protested against censorship?
(iii) How did these newspapers protest against censorship?
(iv) How did writers protest against the emergency?
(v) Which magazines protested against censorship?

Question 21.
In the outline political map of India given below, five states have been marked as (A), (g), ©, (0) and ©. With the help of the information given below, identify them and write their correct names in your answer book along with the serial number of the information used and the related alphabet in the map.

(i) The state to which C. Rajagopalachari, the first Indian Governor-General of India, belonged.
(ii) The state where the first non-Congress Government was formed by E.M.S. N amboodiripad.
(iii) The state to which Rafi Ahmed Kidwai, the Union Minister for Food and Agriculture (1952-54) belonged.
(iv) The state which faced the most acute food crisis in 1965-1967.
(v) The state which led the country to White Revolution through Dairy Cooperative Movement.

Question 22.
Define the various treaties to control arms.
OR
Examine the consequences of disintegration of the USSR for countries like India.

Question 23.
Mention any four significant changes in Indo-China relations that have taken place after the Cold War.
OR
Identify and explain any four new sources of threats to security.

Question 24.
Explain the importance and role of concept common but differentiated pertaining to environment.
OR
Explain any three benefits of globalisation with examples.

Question 25.
Define the Planning Commission and the first Five Year Plan in brief. What were the basic outcomes of the First Five Year Plan?
OR
Discuss about the Bangladesh war of 1971.

Question 26.
Write a short note on:
(a) Garibi Hatao
(b) Indira Hatao
(c) Grand Alliance
OR
How did Naxalites organise themselves? Examine the conditions responsible for the growth of Naxalite Movement in India. Evaluate its role in Indian politics.

Question 27.
Differentiate between party based movements and non-party based movements.
OR
What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir? Which of these do you think are justifiable? Give reasons for your answer.

Answers

Answer 1.
India’s policy of Non-alignment was not a policy of ‘fleeing away’ instead India was in favour of actively intervening in world affairs to soften Cold War rivalries and prevented differences from escalating into a full scale war.

Answer 2.
Russia.

Answer 3.
A naval base in Cuba set up by the US where prisoners forbidden of the protection of international law or law of their own country or that of the US.

Answer 4.
Princely States were ruled by princes who employed some form of control over their internal affairs under the supremacy of the British.

Answer 5.
Bharatiya Jana Sangh.

Answer 6.
Marshall Plan was introduced in 1948 by America to provide financial help for revival of European economy.

Answer 7.
Aims and goals of Socialist Party of India :

1. The Socialist Party believed in the ideology of democratic socialism to be distinguished from the Congress and Communists both.
2. It criticised the Congress for ignoring the workers and peasants. It became difficult for Socialist Party to prove itself as an effective alternative to the Congress because Congress Party declared its goal to be the socialist pattern of society in 1955.

Answer 8.
(a) – (iii),
(b) – (i),
(c) – (ii),
(d) – (iv)

Answer 9.

1. Serious conflict arose when China annexed Tibet in 1950 and removed a historical buffer between two nation and India did not oppose this openly.
2. Another border dispute arose when China claimed Aksai Chin Area and NEFA (much of the state in Arunachal Pradesh) within the Indian territory.

Answer 10.
Because :

1. Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru and she had been Congress President in the past and had also been Union Minister for Information in Shastri’s Cabinet. ‘
2. The senior leaders presumed that her administrative and political inexperience would compel her to dependent on them for support and guidance.

Answer 11.
India have following problems with Pakistan:

1. The problem of Kashmir on the issues of Pak occupied Kashmir (PoK) and Line of Control (LOC). India claims Kashmir to be its integral part and Pakistan refuses to accept it. Hence, wars took place in 1965 and 1971, but issue remained unsettled.
2. Problems over starting issues like control of Siachin Glacier and over acquisition of arms involved both the states acquiring nuclear weapons and missiles to deliver such arms against each other in 1990s.
3. Pakistan government has been blamed for using a strategy of low key violence by helping Kashmiri militants with arms, training, money and protection to carry out terrorist strikes against India.
4. Pak’s spy agency Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) is alleged to involve in various anti India campaigns.

Answer 12.
Military rule and democracy co-exist or are the two sides of a coin can be examined with the following facts:

1. After the implementation of first constitution in Pakistan, General Ayub Khan took the command, but was overthrown by military General Yahya Khan due to dissatisfaction of rule.
2. Again in 1971, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed an elected government which was later removed by General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977.
3. 1982 onwards, pro-democracy movements took place resulting an elected democratic government in 1988 under leadership of Benazir Bhutto, replaced by Nawaz Sharif.
4. Nawaz Sharif was again removed by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999 and in 2005, he got himself elected as President but was later dethroned by the court.

Answer 13.
Its main function is to maintain peace and security in the world and the other functions are as follows:

• The Security Council recommends methods to adjust disputes among nations.
• Security Council can take military action if required.
• Security Council elects the judges of International Court of Justice and appoints the Secretary General by recommending to the General Assembly.
• Security Council can apply economic sanction also to stop any aggression.
• The Security Council can investigate the disputes in case a friction arises.

Answer 14.

1. It affected civil liberties of peoples i.e. in April 1976 it was proved that the government could take away citizens’ right to life and liberty by overruling of High Courts under Supreme Court and accepted government’s plea.
2. The 42nd Amendment was also passed to bring a series of changes in the Constitution.
3. It affected the functioning of mass media also as press censorship took place which banned freedom of press and newspapers, which were supposed to prior approval before they publish any material.
4. Despite of filing many petitions government claimed it not to be necessary to be informed on the grounds to arrested persons.

Answer 15.
The ‘Right to Information Act’ is a law to empower the people to find out happenings in government and act as a watchdog of democracy:

• It was passed in June 2005 by the Government of India, and it came into force in October 2005.
• This Act ensures its citizens all information about functioning of government machinery.
• This right has been expanded to cover various services provided by government i.e., if any purchased product is defective it can be asked for replacement.
• This right gives political actors incentives to good things to help to control corruption.

Answer 16.
Main Outcome :

• Chandigarh would be transferred to Punjab.
• To appoint a separate commission to resolve border dispute between Punjab and Haryana.
• To set up a tribunal to settle down the sharing of Ravi-Beas river water among Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
• To provide agreement for compensation to better treatment to those affected by militancy in Punjab.
• To withdraw the Armed Forces Special Power Act in Punjab.

But peace could not be established easily in Punjab and resulted as follows :

• It led to many excesses by police and violation of human rights.
• It fragmented the Akali Dal.
• The President’s Rule was imposed and normal political process was suspended.
• Hence, political process could not be restored in this atmosphere. Even during elections in 1992, only 24% electors turned out to vote. Consequently above mentioned added to tension between Punjab and its neighbouring states.

Answer 17.

1. Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity. It means the ability of government to do what they do, e.g., when major economic events take place, their effect is felt outside their immediate local national or regional environment at the global level.
2. The concept of‘welfare state’ is giving way to minimalist state across the world. The minimalist state performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens.
3. Market becomes the main determinant of economic and social priorities. The entry and the increased role of multinational companies across the world leads to a reduction in the capacity of governments to take self decisions.

Answer 18.

• The above extract signifies the non-alignment policy of India.
• When foreign relations go out of the hands of a country into the charge of somebody else, to that extent, one is not independent.
• When India achieved its freedom and started forming its foreign policy, it followed non-alignment policy to pursue its national interests within international context.

Answer 19.

• The USA
• The US hegemony
• The US response to 9/11 attack against Al-Qaeda and Taliban.
• 9/11 attack was an attack on the US hegemony and in response they launched operation Enduring Freedom to teach a lesson to the countries if it is dared to repeat.

Answer 20.

• Against imposition of Emergency.
• The Indian Express and the Statesman.
• These newspapers protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored.
• Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth awarded with Padma Bhushan and Hindi writer Phanishwarnath Renu awarded with Padma Shri returned their awards in protest against suspension of democracy.
• Magazines like ‘Seminar’ and ‘Mainst-ream’ chose to close down rather than submit to censorship.

Answer 21.
A — (iv) Bihar
B — (iii) Uttar Pradesh
C — (v) Gujarat
D — (i) Tamil Nadu
E — (v) Kerala

Answer 22.

1. Limited Test Ban Treaty: Banned nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water signed by the US, UK and USSR in Moscow on 5 August 1963 came into force on 10 October, 1963.
2. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: It allows only the nuclear weapon states to have nuclear weapons and stops others from acquiring them. A nuclear weapon state is one which had manufactured and exploded nuclear explosive device prior to 1 January, 1967. So there are five nuclear weapon states: US, USSR, Britain, France and China.
3. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks I and II (Salt I and II): The first round began in November 1969. The Soviet Union leader Leonid Brezhnev and the US President Richard Nixon signed the following in Moscow on 26 May 1972—
   • Anti Ballistic Missile System Treaty,
   • Interim Agreement on limitation of strategic offensive arms. It came into force on 3 October, 1972. The second round started in November 1972.The US President Jimmy Carter and the Soviet leader Brezhnev signed Treaty on limiting strategic offensive arms in Vienna on 18 June, 1979.
4. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty I and II (START I and II): Treaty I signed by the USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev and the US President George Bush (Senior) on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms in Moscow on 31 July 1991. Treaty II was signed for the same purpose in Moscow on 3 January, 1993 between Russian President Boris Yeltsin and the US President George Bush (Senior).

OR

The major consequences of the disintegration of the Soviet Union for countries like India can be analysed as follows:

1. Disintegration of Soviet Union gave an end to Cold War confrontations and to ideological disputes between two superpowers.
2. Military alliances had been abolished and demand arose for world peace and security,
3. Multipolar system was surpassed to exist where no single power could dominate and a group of countries could play a crucial role in world politics like NAM Countries.
4. The US became the sole superpower and capitalist economy became dominant at international level. World Bank and IMF became powerful advisors due to their economic support to these countries during transitional period.
5. The motion of liberal democracy emerged as a way to organise political life.
6. Due to disintegration of Soviet Union many new countries emerged with the independent aspirations and choices.
7. The Baltic and East European states wanted to join European Union and became the part of NATO. The Central Asian countries took the advantage of their geographical location and continued close ties with Russia, West, China and others.

Answer 23.
India and China are two big countries of Asia and two most popular countries in the world. Both the countries have expensive cultural contact since first century AD especially with the transmits of Buddhism from India to China. The announcement of the freedom of these two countries was almost in the same time period in 1947 for India and 1949 for China. India was one of the first countries to recognize the Communist Government of China. The slogan of ‘Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai’ was popular.

But 1950 onwards both the nations were involved in the differences on the issues of Tibet problem, border issues in Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin area of Ladakh, Chinese attack in 1962 and Chinese contribution to Pakistan’s nuclear programme.
Relations between India and China began to improve slowly from the mid-1970, by a series of talks to resolve border issues in 1981.

Rajiv Gandhi’s visit to China in 1980, Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s visit in 2003 have accommodated both the countries to maintain peace and tranquility on the border. Trade between India and China, which enjoys dominance in the global economy, has also stalled falling to $65 billion.

Now, relations of both the countries have strategic and economic dimensions.

• They are making efforts to revive harmonious attitude between themselves.
• They are moving hand-in-hand to fight against terrorism, nuclear race and economic disparities.
• By signing agreements on cultural exchange and cooperation in science and technology, both the countries are developing understanding and respect.

OR

Four new sources of threats to security can be identified as follows:

1. Terrorism is a war against democracy and a crime against humanity. It refers to political violence that targets civilians deliberately and discriminately to use it as a weapon against national government. It has become a global phenomena because even superpower is not free from terrorist attacks.
2. Human rights are those basic conditions which an individual is supposed to enjoy as a human being. These rights include political rights, freedom of speech and expression, economic rights, social and civil rights and rights of indigenous people to lead as honourable and dignified life.
3. Global poverty refers to low economic growth, low national income and low standard of living of developing or least developed countries.
4. Health epidemics is a very serious threat to a country’s security because severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), HIV-AIDS, bird flue etc. diseases spread across countries through migration business, tourism and military operations.

Answer 24.
Compromise and accommodation are the two essential policies to Save Planet Earth by the states but the states from North and South have different notions towards environmental issues:

1. The Northern States (Developed) are concerned with Ozone depletion and global warming whereas Southern States (Developing) want to address the relationship between economic development and environmental management.
2. The developed countries of the North want to discuss the environmental issues which stands equally responsible for ecological conservation.
3. The developing countries of the South feel that much of the ecological degradation in the world is created by developed countries through their industrial projects.
4. And if developed countries cause more environmental degradation they are supposed to take more responsibility on wards.
5. The developing countries are under process of industrialization and they should be exempted from restrictions imposed on developed countries through various conventions like Kyoto Protocol etc.
6. The special needs of developing countries must be taken into considerations in the process of development, application and interpretation of rules of International Environmental Law.

All the above mentioned provisions were accepted in Earth Summit, 1992 while adopting common but differentiated responsibilities.

OR

Economic benefits :

• It involves greater economic flows among various countries.
• It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries.
• The restrictions on the imports and movement of capital have also been reduced.
• This has spread internet and computer related services across national boundaries.

Technological benefits :
Technical equipments as telephone, internet, telephone and microchip have contributed to globalisation by exchanging ideas, capitals and people to make convenient to move from one place to another at a fast pace to stimulate the process of globalisation.

Political benefits :

• The primary status remains unchallenged on the basis of political community.
• To some extent developing countries have received a boost to become more powerful and strong.

Answer 25.
The Planning Commission was set up in 1950 by a simple resolution of the Government of India. The Commission has an advisory role and its recommendations become effective only when the Union Cabinet approved them. The resolution defined the scope of work of the Planning Commission.

K.N. Raj played an important role in India’s planned development. He drafted sections of the First Five Year Plan while Pt. Nehru, the first Prime Minster of India, presented this to the Parliament of India. The Plan addressed, mainly the agrarian sector including investment in dams and irrigation.

One of the basic aims of the First Five Year Plan was to raise the level of national income, which could be possible only if the people saved more money than they spent. As the basic level of spending was very low in the 1950s, it could not be reduced any more. So the planners sought to push savings up. That too was difficult as the total capital stock in the country was rather low compared to the total number of employable people. Nevertheless, people’s savings did rise in the first phase of the planned process until the end of the Third Five Year Plan in 1966. But the rise was not as spectacular as was expected at the beginning of the First Plan. Later, from the early 1960s till the early 1970s, the proportion of savings in the country actually dropped consistently.

OR

In 1970, Pakistan’s first general election produced a split verdict — Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s party emerged a winner in West Pakistan, while the Awami League led by Sheikh Mujib- ur Rahman swept through East Pakistan.

The population of East Pakistan had voted to protest against years of being treated as second class citizens by the rulers based in West Pakistan. The Pakistani rulers were not willing to accept the democratic verdict, nor were they ready to accept the Awami League’s demand for a federation.
In 1971, the Pakistani army arrested Sheikh Mujib-ur Rahman and unleashed a reign of terror on the people of East Pakistan. In response to this, the people started a struggle to liberate ‘Bangladesh’ from Pakistan. Throughout 1971, India had to bear the burden of about 80 lakh refugees who fled East Pakistan and took shelter in the neighbouring areas in India. India extended moral and material support to the freedom struggle in Bangladesh. Pakistan accused India of a conspiracy to break it up.

After months of diplomatic tension and military build-up, a full-scale war between India and Pakistan broke out in 1971, but with the support of the local population, the Indian army made rapid progress in East Pakistan. Within ten days the Indian army had srfrrounded Dhaka from three sides and the Pakistani army of about 90,000 had to surrender. With Bangladesh as an independent country, India declared a unilateral ceasefire. Later, the signing of the Shimla Agreement between Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1972 formalised the return of peace.

Answer 26.

1. Garibi Hatao
   • A slogan given by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1970 to symbolise removal of poverty.
   • Through this slogan, Indira Gandhi generated a support base among women, unemployed youth, minorities, landless labourers, dalits, etc.
2. Indira Hatao
   A slogan given by Grand Alliance alongwith one programme of‘Indira Hatao’ only i.e. remove Indira Gandhi from Political arena.
3. Grand Alliance
   • An alliance formed by non-communist and non-Congress parties to be formed against Congress (R).
   • It did not focus on multiple strategies of development rather included only ‘Indira Hatao’.

OR

The Naxalites were the Marxist and Leninist agricultural workers of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and adjoining areas which organised massive agitation against economic injustice and inequality and demanded redistribution of land to cultivators. Conditions responsible for the growth of Naxalite Movement in India:

A peasant uprising took place in the Naxalbari police station area of Darjeeling hills district in West Bengal in 1967. This movement spread very fast to several states and was known as the Naxalite movement. A new party known as the CPI-ML was formed under the leadership of Charu Majumdar. Presently, 83 districts across 10 states (as of July 2011) are affected by Naxalite violence. Most of these are backward areas inhabited by Adivasis. In these areas, the share croppers, under-tenants and small cultivators are denied their basic rights with regard to security to tenure or their share in produce, payment of fair wages, etc. Forced labour, expropriation of resource by outsiders and exploitation by money lenders are also common in these areas. These conditions led to the growth of the Naxalite movement.

Role in Indian Politics :

1. Naxalite did not participate in the elections formally but these were actively associated with parties. Some of these parties such as CPI-ML participated in democratic politics.
2. Naxalites ensured a better representation of demands of deprived social sections in party politics.
3. These movements retained associations or relations along with the political parties either as an individual or as an organisations.

Answer 27.

1. Party based movements are supported by political parties (Trade Union Movement
   in Kolkata, Kanpur, Bombay, etc.) These movements did not participate in elections formally. And yet they retained connections with political parties, as many participants in these movements, as individuals and as organisations, were actively associated with parties. These links ensured a better representations of the demands of diverse social sections in party politics.
2. Non-party based movements involve a mass-mobilisation which remain outside party politics (Students and youth from different sections merge themselves). Due to the voluntary nature of their social work, many of these organisations came to be known as voluntary organisations or voluntary sector organisations which chose to remain outside party politics. They did not contest elections at the local or regional level nor did they support any one political party. Most of these groups believed in politics and wanted to participate in it, but not through political parties.

On the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir, the following positions are states as:

1. Kashmiris were promised to make accession on reference of people after situation created by tribal invasion, becomes normal. But it has not been fulfilled, hence, it generated the demand for “Plebiscite”.
2. Sometimes, it was felt that special federal status guaranteed by Article 370 has been eroded practically which led the demand for restoration of autonomy or “Greater State Autonomy”.
3. It is felt that democracy, which is practised in rest of India has not been similarly institutionalised in Jammu and Kashmir.

We prefer the first position because ‘Plebiscite’ provides better opportunity to people of J & K to protect and sustain their regional autonomy in a very democratic manner.

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