CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 3 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• All questions are compulsory.
• Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
• Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
• Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
• Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
• Questions no. 21 is map based question.
• Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words.

Question 1.
Name the two superpowers responsible for Cold War. When did the world become unipolar?

Question 2.
What was the immediate cause of disintegration of USSR?

Question 3.
What was the focus of foreign policy of Bill Clinton?

Question 4.
Why were 1960s called as the dangerous decade?

Question 5.
Describe any two outcomes of‘ Naxalite movement’.

Question 6.
What are the components of the ASEAN Vision 2020?

Question 7.
What are the objectives of ASEAN Economic Community?

Question 8.
What was the reason for the formation of SAARC?

Question 9.
What are two thrust areas of globalisation?

Question 10.
“India got independence under very difficult circumstances rather than any other country”. Justify the statement.

Question 11.
Why did Soviet economy system become so weak?

Question 12.
How does the geographical proximity influence the formation of regional organisations?

Question 13.
Mention some of the recent agreements between India and Pakistan. Can we be sure that the two countries are well in their way to a friendly
relationship?

Question 14.
What do you know about land reforms in India during planning period?

Question 15.
Mention any two/four Directive Principles of State Policy for the promotion of international peace and security.

Question 16.
How should a political party resolve its internal differences? Here are some suggestions. Think of each and list out their advantages and shortcomings.
(i) Follow the footsteps of the party president
(ii) Listen to the majority group
(iii) Secret ballot voting on every issue
(iv) Consult the senior and experienced leaders of the party.

Question 17.
Read the passage given below carefully and Answer the questions:
But does it mean that the Congress system was restored? What Indira Gandhi had done was not a revival of the old Congress party. In many ways she had re-invented the party. The party occupied a similar position in terms of its popularity as in the j past. But it was a different kind of a party. It relied entirely on the popularity of the supreme leader. It had a somewhat weak organisational structure. This Congress j party now did not have many factions, thus it could not accommodate all kinds of opinions and interests. While it won elections, it depended more on some social groups: the poor, the women, Dalits, Adivasis and the minorities. This was .a new Congress that had emerged. Thus Indira Gandhi restored the Congress system by changing the nature of the Congress system itself.
(i) Had Indira Gandhi revived Congress?
(ii) How did Indira Gandhi restore the Congress system?
(iii) Why did Congress not have all kinds of opinions and interests?

Question 18.
Read the passage given below carefully and Answer the following questions that follow:
Movements are not only about collective assertions or only about rallies and protests. They involve a gradual process of coming together of people with similar problems, similar demands and similar expectations. But then movements are also about making people aware of their rights and the expectations that they can have from democratic institutions. Social in these educative tasks for a long time and have thus contributed to expansion of democracy rather than causing disruptions.
(i) What is the importance of popular movements in democracy?
(ii) How do popular movements help the government?
(iii) What factors make the people come together in a particular movement?

Question 19.
Study the picture given below and Answer the following questions:

(i) What does the picture indicate?
(ii) Which party is being referred to as one party dominance?
(iii) Identify the female character in the first cartoon (1971).
(iv) Identify the female character in the second cartoon (1999).
(v) Can you identify any three male characters in the second cartoon (1999)?

Question 20.
Read the following passage carefully and Answer the questions:
Advocates of economic globalisation argue that it generates greater economic growth and well-being for larger sections of the population when there is de-regulation. Greater trade among countries allows each economy to do what it does best. This would benefit the whole world. They also argue that economic globalisation is inevitable and it is not wise to resist the march of history. More moderate supporters of globalisation say that globalisation provides a challenge that can be accepting it uncritically. What, however, cannot be denied is the increased momentum towards inter-dependence and integration between governments, businesses, and ordinary people in different parts of the world as a result of globalisation.
(i) What is economic globalisation?
(ii) How does economic globalisation benefit the whole world?
(iii) How does the moderate supporters of globalisation view it?

Question 21.
Study the map carefully and Answer the questions that follow:

(i) Mark any one Princely States and name it.
(ii) Name and mark the original state from which the following states were carved out.
(a) Gujarat
(b) Meghalaya
(c) Haryana
(d) Chhattisgarh
(iii) Name and mark the country reorganised on religious grounds.
(iv) Demarcated boundaries of these countries by geographical zones.

Question 22.
What is meant by New International Economic Order? Mention any four reforms of the global trading system proposed by UNCTAD in 1972.
OR
Highlight any three positive and three negative features each of the Soviet system in the Soviet Union.

Question 23.
Explain the three types of US hegemony and give examples for each.
OR
Name the pillars and objectives of ASEAN community.

Question 24.
Discuss the Agreements signed between India and China.
OR
What is meant by ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’? How could we implement the idea?

Question 25.
When was the Bharatiya Jana Sangh formed? How was it different from other political parties?
OR
Analyse the circumstances responsible for the declaration of a state of emergency in India on 25 June, 1975.

Question 26.
How has the European Union evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one?
OR
Assess the role of ASEAN as an economic association.

Question 27.
Write an essay for or against the following proposition. “With the disintegration of the second world, India should change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with the US rather than with traditional friends like Russia”.
OR
Give an example each of the three types of hegemony that are dealt within the chapter. Do not cite examples that are in the chapter.

Answers

Answer 1.
The US and USSR were responsible for Cold War. The world became unipolar in 1991 after disintegration of USSR.

Answer 2.
The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republic (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia and others proved to be the most immediate cause for disintegration of the USSR.

Answer 3.
The Clinton government tended to focus on ‘Soft issues’ like democracy promotion, climate change and world trade rather than on the hard politics of military power.

Answer 4.
Due to some unresolved problems like poverty, inequality, communal and regional divisions led a failure of democratic projects or disintegration of country.

Answer 5.

• Naxalite movement argued that democracy in India was a shame and decided to adopt a strategy of protracted guerrilla warfare in order to lead to a revolution.
• Naxalite movement used force to snatch land from the rich landowners and provided it to the poor who were landless.

Answer 6.
The components of ASEAN Vision 2020 can be summed up as follows:

• An outward looking role in international community.
• To encourage negotiations over conflicts in the region.
• To mediate to end the conflicts i.e. Cambodian conflict, East Timor Crisis, annual discussion on East Asian Cooperation through meetings.

Answer 7.
The objectives of ASEAN Economic Community are as follows:

• To create common market and production based activities within ASEAN states,
• To aid social and economic development.
• To resolve economic disputes, the existing dispute settlement mechanism has been improved.
• Free Trade Areas for investment, labour and services have also been created.

Answer 8.
The states of South Asia recognised cooperation and friendly relations among themselves which gave birth to the formation of SAARC for mutual trust and understanding among its member states.

Answer 9.
Globalisation has two thrust areas :

• Liberalisation provides freedom of trade and investment, eliminate restrictions imposed on external trade and payments and expand technological progress to globalise faster.
• Privatisation permits MNCs to produce goods and services inside the country to attract FDI.

Answer 10.
India got independence in 1947 under very difficult circumstances:

• Freedom came with the partition of the country.
• The year 1947 became the year of unprecedented violence and trauma.
• Indian leaders faced all these challenges in an appreciable manner by accommodating regional diversities also.

Answer 11.
Soviet system became so weak and Soviet economy stagnant due to the following reasons:

1. The Soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining nuclear and military arsenals.
2. Soviet economy concentrated on the development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe especially in the five central Asian Republics.
3. This led to a huge economic burden on people to be coped up with.
4. Ordinary citizens became more knowledgeable about the economic advancement of the West and backwardness of Soviet system.

Answer 12.
The geographical proximity influences the formation of regional organisations because:

• It is influenced by almost some historical enmities and weaknesses.
• Sometimes the similar interests come together.
• Even fruitful areas for regional economy are also the result of geographical proximity.

Answer 13.
Although Indo-Pakistan relations seem to be the story of endemic conflict and violence, there have been a series of efforts to manage tensions and build peace under the various agreements:

• Agreed to undertake confidence building measures to reduce the risk of war.
• Social activists and prominent personalities have collaborated to create an atmosphere of friendship.
• Leaders have met at summits to better understanding.
• Bus routes have been opened up between these two countries.
• Trade between the two parts of Punjab has increased substantially in the last five years.
• Visas have been given more easily.

No, despite the above mentioned agreements and initiatives, we can not be sure that both the countries are well in their way to friendship, still some areas of conflict exist there to be sorted out.

Answer 14.

• Zamindari system was abolished to release land from big landlord who were least interested in agriculture.
• Lands were consolidated to bring small pieces together to increase the farm size.

Drawbacks:

• Despite a ‘ceiling’, people with excess land managed to violate the laws.
• The tenants who worked on someone else’s land were given greater legal security which rarely implemented.
• Landowners were very powerful and wielded considerable political influence.

Answer 15.
The Article 51 of Indian Constitution deals with the “Directive Principles of State Policy” on “promotion of international peace and security”.

• promotes international peace and security.
• maintains just and honourable relations between nations.
• fosters respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised people with one another.
• encourages settlement of international dispute by arbitration.

Answer 16.

1. Advantage : If the party follows the footsteps of the party president, there will be discipline and unity within the party Shortcoming: The party president can take its decision without taking into consideration the views of its party members. So, the inner democracy may get weakened.
2. Advantage : If the party listens to the majority group, there will be more confidence among the party members and inner democracy will be strengthened. Shortcoming: If the party listens to the majority group, factionalism may increase in the party. One faction may try to back another faction to gather support.
3. Advantage : Secret ballot voting is an appropriate system. It is more democratic. Through it, any member can express his views. Shortcoming: Sometimes, the party members may vote through secret ballot by ignoring the whip of the party issued by the party president. It may prove fatal to the party.
4. Advantage : The novice and less experienced candidates will be benefited if they consult the senior and experienced leaders of the party and also follow their guidelines.

Shortcoming : If the party members only consult the senior and experienced leaders and follow their guidelines, their hold will get strengthened in the party.

Answer 17.

1. No, whatever had been done by Indira Gandhi, was not a revival of old Congress system but it was a re-invention of party.
2. Indira Gandhi restored the Congress system changing the nature of Congress system itself, to be dependent more on poor, women, dalits, adivasis and minorities.
3. It had a somewhat weak organisational structure and it did not have many factions also to accommodate all kinds of opinions and interests.

Answer 18.

1. Popular movements make people aware of their rights and expectations which can be drawn from democratic institutions. drawn from democratic institutions.
2. Popular movements let the government be aware of the similar demands, similar problems and expectations of people through an educative task for expansion of democracy rather than disrupting it.
3. Similar problems, similar demands, and similar expectations of the same group/people.

Answer 19.

• It depicts change from one party dominance to a multi-party alliance system.
• Congress
• Indira Gandhi
• Sonia Gandhi
• A.B. Vajpayee, Karunanidhi and Sharad Yadav

Answer 20.

1. Economic globalisation generates great or economic growth and well being for larger section of population when there is deregulation.
2. Economic globalisation gives opportunities to countries to do best in their economy.
3. Moderate supporters of globalisation view it as a challenge to be responded intelligently without accepting it uncritically.

Answer 21.

1. Mysore
2. • Gujarat (from Bombay)
   • Meghalaya (from Assam)
   • Haryana (from Punjab)
   • Chhattisgarh (from Madhya Pradesh) ,
3. Pakistan
4. • Pakistan
   • Bangladesh

Answer 22.
The non-aligned countries were more than merely mediators during the Cold War. The challenge for most of the non-aligned countries — a majority of them were categorised as the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) — was to be more developed economically and to lift their people out of poverty. Economic development was also vital for the independence of the new countries. Without sustained development, a country could not be truly free. It would remain dependent on the richer countries including the colonial powers from which political freedom had been achieved.

The idea of a New International Economic Order (NIEO) originated with this realisation. The UNCTAD brought out a report in 1972 entitled Towards a New Trade Policy for Development. The report proposed a reform of the global trading system so as to:

1. give the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) control over their natural resources exploited by the developed western countries.
2. obtain access to western markets so that LDCs would sell their products and, therefore, make trade more beneficial for the poorer countries.
3. reduce the cost of technology from the western countries and
4. provide the LDCs with a greater role in international economic institutions.

OR

Positive features :

• Soviet system was made developed than rest of the world except USA.
• Minimum standard of living was ensured for all the citizens.
• The government subsidized the basic needs including health education etc.
• There was no unemployment.

Negative features :

• System was very bureaucratic and authoritarian.
• Lack of democracy and absence of freedom in many fields.
• There was only one party system.
• The party did not recognize the aspirations and feelings of people.

Answer 23.
(i) Hegemony as Hard Power :

1. This’hegemony signifies military status of America to be both absolute and relative. In absolute terms, it has military capabilities to reach any point on the planet accurately and no other power today can remotely match them.
2. The US military dominance is based on both the higher military expenditure and on a qualitative gap i.e. technological know-how.

(ii) Hegemony as Structural Power :

1. It signifies ‘Economic Prospects’ of hegemon power to possess both the ability and the desire to establish certain norms for order and sustain global structure even including goods to be consumed by one person without reducing the amount of goods available for someone else.
2. A classical example is academic degree MBA (Masters in Business Administration) to presume business as a profession to be dependent upon skills that can be taught in a University which is uniquely American.

(iii) Hegemony as Soft Power :

1. US Hegemony has its cultural dimensions also which implies class ascendancy in social, political and particularly ideological spheres to shape the behaviour of competing and lesser powers. Here, the consent goes hand in hand and more effective than coercion.
2. For example, most of the dreams of individuals and societies across the globe, are dreams churned out by practices prevailing in twentieth-century America. All these are about the capacity to manufacture consent.

OR

The ASEAN community established the following three pillars :

• The ASEAN Security Community
• The ASEAN Economic Community
• The ASEAN Socio-cultural Community.

The objectives of ASEAN community are as follows :

• Territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontations.
• To accelerate economic growth through social progress and cultural development.
• To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter.
• To establish dispute settlement mechanism to resolve economic disputes.
• To create Free Trade Areas for investments, labour and services.

Answer 24.
India and China signed 13 Agreements : 
China pledges to invest $20 billion in India over five years and 13 pacts inked as follows:

1. Five Year Trade and Economic Development Plan –
   • boost economic ties
   • reduce trade imbalance
2. Tie-up in Railways—Prepare action plan for cooperation on specific projects.
3. Modernise Railways
   • Re-development of railway stations.
   • Study of feasibility of partnership in high speed railways.
4. Customs Administration—Share information to fight trans border economic crimes.
5. Audio Visual Co-production enable producers to pool resources to co-produce films.
6. Use of Outer Space—Exploration of outer space for peaceful purposes.
7. Drug Administration—Cooperation in the fields of drug standards, traditional medicine.
8. (Cultural Exchange—Collaboration between cultural institutions.
9. Sister City Pact—Foster exchanges between Mumbai and Shanghai.
10. New Pilgrimage Route—Kailash Mansarovar Yatra though Nathula Pass.
11. Sustainable Trade—Enhance market access to Indian products.
12. Promote literature—China to be guest of honour at New Delhi World Book Fair 2016
13. 1250 Acre Industrial park near Pune-Provide cluster-type development.

OR

Common but differentiated responsibilities mean that the state shall cooperate in the spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the earth’s ecosystem. As the states have common but differentiated responsibilities over various contributions of global environmental degradation. The developed countries acknowledge that the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their societies place on the global environment and of the technological and financial resources they command.

We could implement the idea with the help of conventions and declarations:

1. The Rio-Summit held in June 1992 produced conventions dealing with climate change, biodiversity, forestry and recommended a list of developed practices called Agenda 21.
2. The 1992 United Nations Framework convention on climatic change (UNFCCC) also emphasised that the parties should act to protect the climate system on the basis of common but differentiated responsibilities.
3. An international agreement known as Kyoto Protocol set targets for’industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions which support for global warming.

Answer 25.
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was established in 1951 under the leadership of Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. Its can be traced back to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Hindu Mahasabha before Independence. The Jana Sangh was different from other parties in terms of ideology and programmes.

1. It emphasised the idea of one country, one culture and one nation and believed that the country could become modern, progressive and strong on the basis of Indian culture and traditions. The party called for a reunion of India and Pakistan in Akhand Bharat.
2. The party was in forefront of the agitation to replace English with Hindi as the official language of India and was also opposed to the granting of concessions to religious and cultural minorities.
3. The party was a consistent advocate of India developing nuclear weapons especially after China carried out its atomic tests in 1964.

In the 1950s Jana Sangh remained on the margins of the electoral politics and was able to secure only 3 seats in 1952 Lok Sabha elections and 4 seats in 1952 Lok Sabha elections. In the early years, its support came mainly from the urban areas in the Hindi speaking states like Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. The notable leaders of the Jana Sangh were Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya and Balraj Madhok. The Bharatiya Janata Party traces its roots to the Bharatiya Jana Sangh.

OR

The condition of India was not good due to the following reasons laid down by the government for the imposition of Emergency.

1. Opposition parties were not allowing the ruling party to rule the country democratically.
2. Fragment agitations, protests and collective action were not good for democracy.
3. Continuous extra-parliamentary politics targeting the government was bad for democracy.
4. The internal disturbance leads to instability and distracts the administration from its routine task of ensuring development.
5. The government diverts all energies for the maintenance of law and order, and as a result, development is not taken care of.
6. Indira Gandhi claimed that subversive forces were trying to obstruct the government’s progressive policies and were attempting to dislodge her from power through extra¬constitutional means. The Congress said that there was an ‘international conspiracy against the unity of India’.

Answer 26.
The European Union has evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one. The EU has started to act more as a nation state. While the attempts to have a constitution for the EU have failed, it has its own flag, anthem, .founding date, and currency. It also has some form of a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations. The European Union has tried to expand areas of cooperation while acquiring new members, especially from the erstwhile Soviet bloc. The process has not proved easy, for people in many countries are not very enthusiastic in giving the EU powers that were exercised by the government of their country. There are also reservations about including some new countries within the European Union.

OR

Role of ASEAN as an economic association—

• The economy of ASEAN regions is growing much faster than that of the US, EU and Japan.
• This accounts for the growth in its influence both in the region and beyond.
• ASEAN is trying to create a common market and production base within the ASEAN states.
• A mechanism is being evolved to settle and resolve the economic disputes.
• ASEAN has focused on creating a free trade Asia for investment, labour and services.
• Its vision 2020 defined an outward looking role for ASEAN in the international community.
• The current economic strength of ASEAN is being trading and investment partner to the growing Asian economies such as India and China, Singapore and Thailand.
• Two ASEAN members signed FTA with India.

Answer 27.
India should not change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with US, but India is required to maintain healthy relations with Russia because India has experienced a long band of mutual trust, interests and popular perceptions with Russia in the following manner:

1. Russia and India share a vision of multipolar world order i.e. co-existence of several world powers internationally, collective security, greater regionalism, democratisation with the decision-making through bodies like the UN.
2. More than 80 bilateral agreements have been experienced between India and Russia as a part of the Indo-Russia Strategic Agreement of 2001.
3. India has been benefited from its relationship on the issues like Kashmir, energy supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to Central Asia and balancing its relation with China.
4. Russia is also important for India’s nuclear energy plane and assisting India’s space industry by giving cryogenic rocket to India whenever needed.
5. Co-operation with Russia and its republics like Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan in the form of partnership and investment in oil fields has also benefitted India.
6. Russia is also benefitted from India on ground of the second largest arms market. Indian military gets most of its hardware from Russia.
7. Russia and India have collaborated on various scientific projects also.

OR

1. Hegemony as Hard Power: Tabasum was an artist living in Nigeria and was planning to join Art and Craft Academy to give proficiency to her artistic aptitude. But she lost her leg in 2003 missile attack by the US. After she overcame it, she made efforts to achieve and fulfill her dreams if the foreign armies leave her country.
2. Hegemony as Structural Power: Tabish is very good in his studies in the countryside of Middle East Asia and is planning to study subjects from Arts stream to accommodate himself in different aspects as per requirements. But his parents want him to be a master in computers to become Software Engineer due to flair for job opportunities in the same.
3. Hegemony as Soft Power: Mayank is a young and energetic man of Melbourne, immigrants from Russia. His father gets upset when he puts on black shirt with white jeans while he goes to church. He justifies that black colour signifies protest for freedom and white signifies freedom in a peaceful manner.

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