CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• All questions are compulsory.
• Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
• Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
• Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
• Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
• Questions no. 21 is map based question.
• Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words.

Question 1.
What is global security?

Question 2.
What does the UNEP stand for?

Question 3.
What is the Shimla Agreement? Name its signatories?

Question 4.
What is ‘Operation Desert Storm’?

Question 5.
The cold war started after the World-War-II. In this circumstances what did India do to fulfill its nation interest?

Question 6.
Suggest any two steps to be taken by the government to check pollution and save environment.

Question 7.
What was government’s approach towards the integration of Princely States which was based on three considerations?

Question 8.
Highlight any two features of ideology of Bharatiya Jana Sangh.

Question 9.
What was Kerala Model?

Question 10.
Arrange the following events in the correct chronological sequence from the earlier to the latest:
(i) First nuclear test conducted by India.
(ii) Twenty-year Treaty of Peace and Relationship between India and Soviet Union.
(iii) The Tashkent Agreement.
(iv) The Panchsheel declaration.

Question 11.
Describe any six criteria for the new membership of Security Council as suggested after 1997.

Question 12.
Is terrorism a traditional or non-traditional threat to security?

Question 13.
The most serious challenge before the states is pursuing economic development without causing further damage to the global environment. How could we achieve this? Explain with a few examples.

Question 14.
Explain the main arguments in the debate that ensued between industrialisation agricultural development at the time of Second Five Year Plan.

Question 15.
Discuss the effects of Emergency on the following aspects of our polity.
(a) Functioning of Mass Media.

Question 16.
Mention any four important events which took place during Cuban Missile Crisis.

Question 17.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:
No region exists in a vacuum. It is influenced by outside powers and events, no matter how much it may try to insulate itself from non-regional powers. China and the United States remain key players in South Asian politics. Sino-Indian relations have improved significantly in the last ten years, but China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a major irritant. The demands of development and globalisation have brought the two Asian giants closer and their economic ties have multiplied rapidly since 1991.
(i) Which two countries have been referred to as outside powers?
(ii) Which are the two Asian giants and why they have been called so?
(iii) China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan is a major irritant for which country and why?

Question 18.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions:
By 2006, the UN had 192 member states. These included almost all independent states. In the UN General Assembly, all members have one vote each. In the UN Security Council, there are five permanent members. These are: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and China. These States were selected as permanent members as they were most powerful immediately after the Second World War and because they constituted the victors in the war.
(i) How many member states were there in the UN 2006?
(ii) Name five permanent members of UN Security Council.
(iii) Why were these states selected as permanent?

Question 19.
Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow :

(i) What does the cartoon comment?
(ii) What is referred under the title “Yesterday’?
(iii) What message does the title ‘Today’ convey?

Question 20.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions:
The defeat of the official Congress candidate formalised the split in the party. The Congress President expelled the Prime Minister from the party; she claimed that her group was the real Congress. By November 1969, the Congress group led by the ‘syndicate’ came to be referred to as the Congress (Organisation) and the group led by Indira Gandhi came to be called the Congress (Requisitionists). These two parties were also described as Old Congress and New Congress. Indira Gandhi projected the split as an ideological divide between socialists and conservatives, between the pro-poor and the pro-rich.
(i) What formalised the split of Congress?
(ii) Mention two groups created after the split.
(iii) How did Indira Gandhi project the split?

Question 21.
On a political outline map of the world, locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:
(i) Five permanent members of UN Security Council and symbolise them as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
(ii) Locate and label peace keeping operations.

Question 22.
What is meant by Operation Iraqi Freedom? Mention its main and hidden objectives. Give any two consequences of this operation.
OR
Why is the EU considered a highly influential regional organisation in the economic, political and military fields?

Question 23.
Write a short note on the role and the limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating economic cooperation among the South Asian Countries.
OR
Examine the role played by India in the implementation of UN policies and programmes.

Question 24.
Trace the evolution of the United Nations since its establishment in 1945. How does it function with the help of its structures and agencies?
OR
Describe the security challenges faced by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the Second World War.

Question 25.
How was the one party dominance in India different from the one party system in Mexico? In your opinion which of the two political systems is better and why?
OR
Discuss the significant objectives of India after independence.

Question 26.
Write short notes on the following:
(a) India’s nuclear policy
(b) Consensus in foreign policy matters
OR
Examine the grave economic crisis prior to fourth general election of 1967. Assess the electoral verdict also.

Question 27.
Analyse any three lessons learnt from the Emergency of 1975.
OR
What are popular movements? Explain any three issues related to women which brought , social awareness amongst them.

Answers

Answer 1.
Global Security implies protection from threats which may have effect on people and states globally. It emerged in 1990 to respond global warming, terrorism, health epidemics etc.

Answer 2.
UNEP stands for the United Nations Environment Programme to hold international conferences to promote coordination to effective response to environmental problems.

Answer 3.
In 1971, after the Indo-Pak war, the leaders of the two countries met at Simla and signed peace agreement. It was signed between Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

Answer 4.
It was an operation of United Nation against Iraq which was led by USA. It was to check the Iraqi operation of Kuwait.

Answer 5.
India kept a distance from the two superpowers – the US and the USSR. It advocated non-alignment as an ideal foreign policy approach.

Answer 6.

• India’s National Auto-fuel Policy mandates cleaner fuels for vehicles. The Energy Conservation Act passed in 2001, outlines initiatives to improve energy efficiency.
• The Electricity Act of 2003 encourages the use of renewable energy.

Answer 7.

• Most of the Princely States willingly wanted to join Indian Union.
• The government wanted to accommodate plurality by adopting flexible approach in dealing with the demand of the region.
• The Central Government was so much concerned towards integration and consolidation , of territorial boundaries of Indian nation.

Answer 8.

• The Bharatiya Jana Sangh laid emphasis on ideology of one country, one culture and one nation.
• It called for reunity of India and Pakistan in Akhand Bharat.

Answer 9.
Kerala model is an example of decentralised planning at the state level:

• It is the initiative taken by Kerala for planning and development strategies.
• It targeted on education, health, land reform, effective food distribution and poverty alleviation.
• Kerala model initiated to implement Panchayati Raj, blocs and district level of government.

Answer 10.

• Panchsheel-1954
• Tashkent Agreement-1966
• Twenty year Treaty-1971
• First nuclear test-1974

Answer 11.
A new member, as suggested after 1997, should be’

• A major economic power.
• A major military power.
• A substantial contributor to the UN budget.
• A big nation in terms of its populations.
• A nation that respects democracy and human rights.
• A country that would make the Council more representative of the world’s diversity in terms of geography, economic system, and culture.

Answer 12.
Terrorism is a non-traditional threat to wound the peace and order in the country as:

• Terrorism refers to political violence to target civiliAnswer deliberately and indiscriminately.
• Civilians are usually terrorised to be it as a weapon against national government and other parties in the conflict.
• Terrorism involves hijacking planes or planting bombs in trains, cafes, markets and other crowded places.
• After a terrorist attack on World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001, the other governments and public also are paying more attention to terrorism.

Answer 13.
The economic development can be achieved even without damaging global environment by following practices:

1. In June 1992, Earth Summit provided some conservative measures for sustainable growth without damaging environment anymore.
2. The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 covered Global Commons for mutual economic development.
3. Kyoto Protocol cut greenhouse emissions from industrialised countries to protect environment and to develop industries also.
4. Resource Geopolitics allocates and distribute natural resources among the nation states of global arena for sustainable development of nations.

Hence, the above mentioned practices protect the global environment and even though the states are developing we could achieve this challenge only if we follow the provisions and practices mentioned in all these conferences and summits.

Answer 14.
At the time of the Second Five Year Plan, some controversial issues rose in reference to relevancy of agriculture over industry.

• The Second Five Year Plan emphasised on industry in place of agriculture or rural India.
• J.C. Kumarappa, a Gandhian economist proposed an alternative blueprint to emphasise on rural industrialisation.
• Bharatiya Lok Dal leader, Chaudhary Charan Singh also commented that the planning leading to creation of prosperity in urban and industrial sections at the cost of rural welfare.

Others debated that without an increase in industrial sector poverty could not be alleviated:

• India planning did not have an agrarian strategy to boost the production of food grains.
• It also proposed programmes of community development and spent large sums on irrigation project and failure was not that of policy but of its non-implementation because of the politics of land owning classes.
• Besides, they also argued that every if the government had spent more money on agriculture it would not have solved the massive problem of rural poverty.

Answer 15.
(a) Functioning of Mass Media :

1. Press censorship took place which banned freedom of press and newspapers were supposed to prior approval before they publish any material i.e. RSS and Jamaat-i- Islami were banned.
2. Protests, strikes and public agitations were also banned.
3. Various fundamental rights were also suspended including even Right to move to court for restoration of the Fundamental Rights.
4. Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth awarded with Padma Bhushan and Hindi writer Phanishwar Nath Renu with Padmashri returned their awards in protest against suspension of democracy.
5. Newspapers mainly Indian Express, and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items were censored.

Answer 16.

• In 1962, USSR installed Missiles in Cuba with intention to convert it into Russian base.
• America became aware of it and as a warning ordered American warship to intercept Soviet ships moving to Cuba.
• The US was feared of developing nuclear weapons on part of the USSR to challenge its supremacy.
• The Cuban Crisis divided the world into two power blocs to expand their own spheres of influence in the world.

Answer 17.

• The US and China.
• India and China, because both of them have been considered as rising economic powers in the world.
• India, because China has been seen as a contributor to Pakistan’s nuclear programme.

Answer 18.

• There were 192.member states in the UN by 2006.
• The UK, US, China, Russia and France are the permanent members.
• Because they were most powerful immediately after the Second World War and
• constituted the victors in the war.

Answer 19.

• Cartoon comments on the changing scenario due to globalisation.
• It refers to earlier conditions of developing countries who were starving due to less growth in their economy.
• Globalisation opened doors for new entrants from developing nations and resulted into brain drain.

Answer 20.

• The defeat of official candidate during Presidential Elections in 1969.
• Congress (O) i.e. Organisation led by syndicate known as old Congress, Congress (R) i.e. requisitionists led by Indira Gandhi known as new Congress.
• Indira Gandhi projected the split as an ideological divide between socialists and conservatives, between pro-rich and pro-poor.

Answer 21.

1. • France
   • Russia
   • The UK
   • The US
   • China
2. • Cyprus 1964
   • Lebanon 1978
   • Israel 1974
   • Sudan 2005
   • East Timor 2006

Answer 22.
Operation Iraqi Freedom was the code name given by the US to launch invasion on 19 March, 2003. More than 40 countries joined in the US led coalition of the willing after the UN refused to give its mandate to the invasion. Main Objective: To prevent Iraq from developing Weapons of Mass Destructions (WMD). Since no evidence of WMD has been unearthed in Iraq. Hidden Objective: It was motivated by controlling Iraqi oilfields and installing a regime friendly to the US.

Consequences of this Operation :

• Although the government of Saddam Hussain fell swiftly but US has not been able to pacify Iraq.
• A full fledged insurgency against US occupation was ignited in Iraq.
• Conservatively estimated that 50,000 Iraqi civiliAnswer have been killed since the US-led invasion.
• It is widely recognised that the US invasion of Iraq was, in some crucial respects, both a military and political failure.

OR

Because :
(i) Economic Influence :

• Three times larger share in World trade than the US.
• Its currency Euro can pose a threat to the dominance of US Dollar.
• The EU functions as an important bloc in World Trade Organisation (WTO).

(ii) Political Influence :

• Two members of the E U, Britain and France hold permanent seats in Security Council to influence UN policies.
• The EU also includes various non-permanent members of UNSC.
• The European Union plays an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except military force i.e. EU’s dialogue with China on Human Rights and environmental degradation is remarkable.

(iii) Military Influence :

• The EU’s combined armed forces are second largest in world.
• Its total military expenditure is second to the US.
• Its two important members—Britain and France also experience nuclear arsenals of 550 nuclear warheads.
• The EU is world’s second most important source of space and communication technology.

Answer 23.
Role of SAARC : It can be identified as follows :

1. ‘South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation’ (SAARC) is a regional initiative among South Asian states to evolve cooperation since 1985 onwards.
2. It consists of seven members to encourage mutual harmony and understanding.
3. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to free trade zones for whole south Asia for collective economic security.
4. SAARC has projected on economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers.

Limitations : SAARC is growing slowly due to political differences among its member states-

• Only the conflicts led to bilateral issues as Kashmir problem between India and Pakistan.
• Some of the India’s neighbours fear that India intends to dominate them by influencing their societies and politics.
• SAARC members are from among the developing or least developing countries which creates insufficiency of funds.

OR

1. India believes that a strengthened and revitalised UN is desirable in the changing world.
2. India also supports an enhanced role for the UN in promoting development and cooperation among states.
3. India believes that the development should be central to the UN’s agenda as it is a vital precondition for the maintenance of international peace and security.
4. India debates more representation in Security Council may enjoy greater support in world community.
5. India has major concern about restructuring of UN Security Council.
6. India supports the role of developing countries should be represented in Security Council in decision making.

Answer 24.
Evolution of the UN :

• The UN was founded as a success or to the League of Nations. It was established in 1945.
• The UN was set up through the signing of the UN Charter by 51 nations.
• It was formed with the help that it would act to stop conflict and wars.
• By 2006, UN had 192 members, which included almost all independent states.
• Now, it has 193 member states to prevent international conflicts and to facilitate co-operation.

Its functioning :

• In the UN General Assembly, all member nations have one vote each.
• In the UN Security Council, there are five permanent members i.e. UK, France, US, Russia and China, and 10 temporary members.
• The UN consists of many structures and agencies.
• War, peace and differences between the member states have been discussed in the General Assembly.
• Social and economic issues are dealt with by many agencies including WTO, UNDP, UNHRC, UNHCR, UNICEF, and UNESCO.

OR

1. After the Second World War, there were many newly countries emerged in Asia and Africa as a result of the collapse of colonialism and the most nations faced threats not only from outside their borders but also from within.
2. For the newly independent countries external and internal threats posed serious challenges to their security.
3. Some of these states are worried about threats from separatist movement within the country.
4. Terrorism is a problem faced by maximum newly free countries from outside borders i.e. 1ST
5. Newly independent countries are highly populated and low per capita income countries so that facing the problem of global poverty.
6. Newly independent countries are also facing the problem of social injustice discrimination based on caste, creed, religion which affects the human rights.

Answer 25.
There was a difference between one party domination in India and Mexico as:

1. In India, the Congress Party dominated on behalf of popular consensus but Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) (in Spanish) ruled on behalf of perfect dictatorship.
2. In India, free and fair elections took place, where the losing of election was also fair but in Mexico, elections were based on malpractices, dominated by PRI.

In our opinion, one party dominance-like India is better because this sort of dominance:

• accommodates social diversities.
• encourage large number of parti-cipation.
• ensures democratic spirit as well as maintains the same.
• bears respect even for opposition.

OR

Four main objectives of India after independence are as follows:

1. The main objective was to shape entire India as a unified nation despite of its diversities, regions, religions, languages, culture, etc.
2. India adopted the Parliamentary form of government and its objective was to evolve democratic principles, values and practices in accordance with the Constitution.
3. Its objective was to ensure the well being of Indian citizens, which the constitution mentioned in its preamble. The principles of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity were adopted to ensure the development of society. India developed effective policy for economic development and removal of poverty and illiteracy.
4. Just before independence, the British declared that with the end of their rule over India, suzerainty of the British dominance over Princely states would also lapse. This declaration made the entire situation very uncertain, and integration of Princely states was one of the main objectives of India.

Answer 26.
(a) India’s Nuclear Policy :

1. India advocates no first use and reiterates India’s commitment to global verifiable on non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament loading to a nuclear weapon free world.
2. Pt. Nehru always promoted science and technology to build a modern India, i.e. initiated nuclear programme in the late 1940s under the guidance of Homi J. Bhoba.
3. India was against nuclear weapons, hence pleaded many nuclear disarmament with superpowers.
4. India always considered NPT as discriminatory and refused to sign on it.
5. Even India’s first Nuclear Test in May 1974 was termed as a peaceful explosion and India argued to use nuclear power for peaceful purposes only.

(b) Consensus in Foreign Policy matters :

1. Pt. Nehru played a crucial role in the architecture of setting National Agenda for foreign policy.
2. Both as a Prime Minister and Foreign Minister he played profound influence in the formulation and implementation of India’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1964.
3. When different parties came to power from time to time, foreign policy of India played a limited role in party politics.

OR

Indira Gandhi government devalued Indian rupee to check economic crisis of 1967. Consequently, one US dollar could be purchased for less than ? 5 after devaluation, it cost more than ?

• The economic situation triggered a price rise.
• People started protest against increase in prices of essential commodities and unemployment etc.
• The Communist and Socialist parties launched struggle to avail greater equality.

The fourth general election was held in 1967 for the first time without Nehru:

1. The election verdict was not in favour of Congress and results jolted the Congress both at the national and state levels.
2. Half the ministers in Indira Gandhi’s cabinet were defeated including K. Kamaraj in Tamil Nadu, S.K. Patil in Maharashtra, Atulya Ghosh in West Bengal, K.B. Sahay in Bihar.
3. Defection played a major role in making or unmaking of government. The Congress did not lose only majority in seven states but two other states also prevented it to form government due to defections.
4. In Madras (Tamil Nadu) a regional party came to power by securing a clear majority.
   This was the first time any non-Congress party had secured a majority of its own in any state.
5. For the first time any non-Congress party secured majority in any state and in other
   eight states i.e. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa (Odisha) and Kerala, different non-Congress parties formed the , coalitions.
6. These election results were called as a ‘Political Earthquake’. Hence, the domination i to the Congress was over.

Answer 27.

1. The Emergency of 1975 at once brought out both the weaknesses and the strengths of India’s democracy. Though there are many observers who think that India ceased to be democratic during the Emergency, it is noteworthy that normal democratic functioning resumed within a short span of time. Thus, one lesson of Emergency is that it is extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India.
2. It brought out some ambiguities regarding the emergency provision in the Constitution that have been rectified since. Now internal emergency’ can be proclaimed only on the grounds of ‘armed rebellion’ and it is necessary that the advice to the President to proclaim Emergency must be given in writing by the Council of Ministers.
3. The Emergency made everyone aware of the value of civil liberties. The courts, too, have taken an active role after the Emergency in protecting the civil liberties of the t individuals. This is in response to the inability of the judiciary to protect civil liberties effectively during the Emergency. Many civil liberties organizations came up after this experience.

OR

Popular movements are the movements organised by dalits and farmers under the banner f of various social organisations to voice their demands Issues related to women which brought social awareness among them:

1. Chipko movement spread across many parts of Uttarakhand and larger issues of ecological and economic exploitation were also raised. Government issued a ban : on felling of tress in Himalayan region for fifteen years until green cover was fully restored. Active participation of women was also a very novel aspect of the movement.
2. Anti-arrack movement was the movement of rural women in Andhra Pradesh to protest against alcoholism, mafias and government. This movement focused on issues of sexual violence against women either within family or outside. Women joined the campaign against dowry and demanded personal and property laws based on gender equality. These campaigns contributed a great deal in increasing social awareness as well as shifted from legal reforms to open social confrontations.
3. Throughout seventies and eighties, local fish workers’ organisations fought with the State governments over the issues of their livelihood. Fisheries being a State subject, the fish workers were mostly mobilised at the regional level. With the coming of policies of economic liberalisation in and around the mid eighties, these organisations were compelled to come together on a national level platform-the National Fishworkers’ Forum (NFF). Fish workers from Kerala took the main responsibility of mobilising fellow workers, including women workers of other states.

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