CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Paper 2

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Paper 2

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Paper 2

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Geography is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

• There are 22 questions in all.
• All questions are compulsory.
• Question numbers 1-7 are very short answer questions carrying 1 mark each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 40 words.
• Question numbers 8-13 are short answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Out of which one question is a value based question. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80-100 words.
• Question numbers 14-20 are long answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words.
• Question numbers 21 and 22 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps carrying 5 marks each.
• Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer book.
• Use of templates or stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed.

Questions

Question 1.
Define Human geography in the words of Fredrick Ratzel.

Question 2.
Write the two important indices which are used by the UNDP to measure human development.

Question 3.
What is the advanced stage of mechanization?

Question 4.
Write the features of Dispersed settlements.

Question 5.
Name the two towns which existed in the Indus Valley civilisation.

Question 6.
Which state of India is the leading producer of sunflower?

Question 7.
How many new integrated steel plants were set up in India during second five year plan 1956-61?

Question 8.
Explain the concept Of ‘equity’ and ‘sustainability’ as the pillars of human development.

Question 9.
Describe the St. Lawrence as a seaway.

Question 10.
What are garrison towns? What is their functions?

Question 11.
Name any six agencies that involved in the exploration of minerals in India.

Question 12.
Mention any six land use categories in India.

Question 13.
“Religion is one of the most dominant forces affecting the cultural and political life and of the most of Indians”. By which human values cultural and political life of Indians can be enhanced.

Question 14.
Discuss the concept of High Technology Industry with examples.

Question 15.
Mention the famous oil pipelines of the USA. How are pipelines the most convenient mode of transport? Discuss.

Question 16.
Give a brief account on cotton textile industry.

Question 17.
What is international trade? Why does international trade exist? Explain.

Question 18.
The depleting water resources may lead to social conflicts and disputes. Elaborate it with examples.

Question 19.
“Development is a mixed bag of opportunities as well as neglect and deprivations of India.” Support the statement with examples.

Question 20.
Explain any live factors that influence an industry at a particular place in India.

Question 21.
Identify the five geographical features shown on the given political outline map of the world as A, B, C, D and E and write their correct names on the lines marked near them with the help of the following information.
(A) An area of mixed farming
(B) A large country of the continent in terms of area
(C) A major seaport
(D) A major airport
(E) A mega city

Question 22.
Locate and label the following five features with appropriate symbols on the given political outline map of India.
(i) A leading producer state of coffee
(ii) A coal mine situated in Tamil Nadu
(iii) A Software Technology Park situated in Jammu & Kashmir
(iv) A seaport of Gujarat
(v) A International airport of Maharashtra

Answers

Answer 1.
“Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface”.

Answer 2.
(i) The Human Development index.
(ii) Human Poverty index

Answer 3.
Automation is the advanced stage of mechanization.

Answer 4.
In these settlements, houses are spaced for apart and often interspersed with fields. A cultural feature such as a place of worship or a market, binds the settlements together.

Answer 5.
(i) Harappa.
(ii) Mohanjodaro

Answer 6.
Karnataka

Answer 7.
Three new integrated steel plants were set up in second five year plant.
(i) Rourkela
(ii) Bhilai and Durgapur Steel plants.

Answer 8.
Equity: Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to every body. It must be equal irrespective of their gender, race, income and in the Indian case, caste. In India, a large number of women and persons belonging to socially and economically backward groups dropout of school shows that these groups get limited by not having access to knowledge. Sustainability: It refers to continuity in the availability of opportunities. To have sustainable human development, each generation must have the same opportunities. All environmental, financial and human resources must be used keeping in mind the future. Misuse of any of these resources will lead to fewer opportunities for future generations. Each generation must ensure the availability of choices and opportunities to its future generations.

Answer 9.
(i) The estuary of St. Lawrence River along with the Great Lakes, forms a unique commercial water way in the northern part of North America.
(ii) The ports on this route like Duluth and Buffalo are equipped with all facilities of ocean ports. Large ocean going vessels are able to navigate up the river deep inside the continent to Montreal.
(iii) Goods have to be trans-shipped to smaller vessels due to the presence of rapids. Canals have been constructed upto 3.5 m deep to avoid these.

Answer 10.
(a) Garrison towns are the towns whose formation is a result of the setting up of a military base. They are referred to as cantonment towns. Ambala, Meerut, Mhow are examples.

(b) The main function of the garrison towns is to cater to the needs of defence and people employed in defence services of the nation. These are specially designed for the purpose of military, navy or air force activities.

Answer 11.
(i) Geological Survey of India
(ii) Oil and Natural Gas Commission
(iii) Mineral Exploration Corporation Ltd.
(iv) National Mineral Development Corporation
(v) Indian Bureau of Mines
(vi) Bharat Gold Mines Ltd.
(vii) Hindustan Copper Ltd.
(viii) National Aluminum Company Ltd.

Answer 12.
In India, the land use categories are mentioned in Land Revenue Records:—
(i) Forests
(ii) Land put to non-agricultural uses.
(iii) Barren and Wastelands
(iv) Land under Permanent Pastures and Grazing lands.
(v) Land under miscellaneous tree crops and Groves, not included is Net Soil Area.
(vi) Culturable Waste land.

Answer 13.
(i) Communal harmony is fraternity.
(ii) Cooperation and mutual trust.
(iii) Pay respect to others religions.

Answer 14.
(i) High technology is the latest generation of manufacturing activities. It is the best understood as the application of intensive research and development efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character.
(ii) Professional workers make up a large share of the total work force. Highly skilled specialists greatly outnumber the actual production workers.
(iii) Robotics on the assembly line, computer-aided design and manufacturing, electronic controls of smelting and refining processes, the constant development of new chemical and pharmaceutical products are main examples.
(iv) They are neaty spaced, low, modem, dispersed, office lab building rather than massive assembly stmcture.
(v) High-tech industries which are concentrated regionally, self-sustained and highly specialised are called technopolies. Manufacturing contributes significantly to the world economy.

Answer 15.
(A) (i) Big Inch is the famous pipe line of the U.S.A.

(B) (i) Pipeline is the most suitable mode of transport as it is used many to carry liquid and gas etc. upto a long distance.
(ii) Capital investment taken place once, later it becomes cheaper. About 17% of all freight per tonne km is carried through pipelines in U.S.A.
(iii) These pipelines can be passed through all type of terrains—plains, mountains, lakes/ sea etc.
(iv) These arc time saving, cco-friendly and cheaper mode of transport. In Europe, Russia, West Asia and India, pipelines are used to connect oil wells to refineries and to ports or domestic markets.

Answer 16.
(i) Cotton textile industry has three sub sectors i.e. handloom, power loom and mill sectors.
Handloom sector is labour-intensive and provides employment to semi-skilled workers.
(ii) This sector involves spinning, weaving and finishing of the fabric. The powerloom sector introduces machines and becomes less labour intensive and the volume of production increases.
(iii) Cotton textile mill sector is highly capital intensive and produces fine clothes in bulk. It requires good quality cotton as raw material. India, China, USA, Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Egypt produce more than half of world’s raw cotton.
(iv) The UK, North West European countries and Japan also produce cotton textile made from imported yam. Europe accounts for nearly half of the world’s cotton imports. This industry has to face very stiff competition with synthetic fibres, whether it has shown declining trend in many countries.
(v) By scientific advancement and technological improvements the structure of industries changes. As—Germany recorded constant growth in this industry since World Ward I till 1970 but now it has declined.

Answer 17.
(A) International-trade is the exchange of goods and services among countries across national
boundaries.

(B) International trade exists because:—
(i) Countries need to trade to obtain commodities, they cannot produce themselves or they can purchase elsewhere at a lower price.
(ii) It is the result of specialisation in production and benefits the world economy if different countries practise specalisation and division of labour in the production of provisions of services.
(iii) Specialisation can give rise to international trade. International trade is based on the principle of comparative advantage; complementarity and transferability of goods and services and in principle, should be mutually beneficial to the trading partner.
(iv) Now, trade is the basis of world’s economic organisation and is related to the external policy of concerned nations.

Answer 18.
The societies will witness the demographic transition, shifting of population, degradation of environment and water scarcity.
(i) Water scarcity to pose the greatest challenge on account of its increased demand coupled with shrinking supplies due to over utilisation pollution.
(ii) Water is a cyclic resource with abundant supplies on the globe. About 71 % of the earth’s surface is covered with it but freshwater constitutes only 3% of the total water. Small proportion of fresh water is effectively for human use.
(iii) The availability of fresh water varies over space and time. The tension and disputes on sharing and control of this scare resource are becoming contested issues among communities, regions and states.
(iv) India accounts 16% of world’s population, 2.45% of world surface and 4% of water resources. This dearth of utilizable water has been cause of several disputes in India at local, state and national levels. There is conflict on issues like social structure.
(v) Rivers of Northern India has surplus water and rigorous flow face flood situation whereas in Southern India, rivers have perennial flow concentrated in the monsoon months leading to water scarcity during rest of year.

Answer 19.
(i) There are a few areas like the metropolitan centres and other develop enclaves that have all the modem facilities available to a small section of its population.
(ii) At another side, there are large small areas and the slums in the urban areas that do not have basic amenities like potable water, education and health infrastructure available to majority of this population.
(iii) The situation is more alarming if one looks at the distribution of the development opportunities among different section of the society. It is a fact majority of the scheduled castes and tribes, landless agricultural labourers, poor farmers and slums dwellers etc are the marginalised lot.
(iv) A large segment of female population is the worst sufferers among all. It is equally true that the relative as well as absolute conditions of the majority of these marginalised sections have worsened with the development heppening over the years.
(v) A large majority of people are compelled to live under abject poverty and sub-human conditions. An interrelated aspect of development that has direct bearings on the deteriorating human conditions.

Answer 20.
(i) Raw materials:
(ii) Power
(iii) Market
(iv) Transport
(v) Labour (to be explained)

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

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