Sigma Notation and SeriesConsider the sequence 10.20, 11.40, 12.10, 13.40 where each term represents the amount of money you earned as interest on your savings account for each of four years. The sum of the terms, 10.2 + 11.4 + 12.1 + 13.4, represents th…

Absolute ValueThe absolute value of a number can be considered as the distance between 0 and that number on the real number line. Remember that distance is always a positive quantity (or zero). The distance in the diagram below from -3 to 0 is 3 units. T…

What is Angle in GeometryAngle Angle: An angle is the union of two non-collinear rays with a common initial point. When two rays have a common initial point, an angle is formed. The common initial point is called the vertex of the angle, and the two ray…

Definition of Inverse FunctionIf f : A ⟶ B be a one-one onto (bijection) function, then the mapping f-1 : B ⟶ A which associates each element a ∈ A with element such that f(a) = b is called the inverse function of the function f : A ⟶ B. f-1 : B ⟶ A, f-…

Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers Add like termsFind the sum of the real components.Find the sum of the imaginary components (the components with the i after them). Adding Rule:(m+ni) + (p+qi) = (m+p) + (n+q)i Examples:Subtract like termsFind the d…

Converting To and From Scientific NotationConverting To Scientific NotationTo Change from Standard Form to Scientific Notation:Place the decimal point such that there is one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point.Count the number of decimal plac…

Parallel and Perpendicular LinesMathematics problems often deal with parallel and perpendicular lines. Since these are such popular lines, it is important that we remember some information about their slopes. Parallel Lines: (same slope!) Parallel lines …

Cartesian CoordinatesRectangular Or Cartesian coordinates of a point:The French Mathematician and Philosopher Rene Descartes first published his book La Geometric in 1637 in which he used algebra in the study of geometry. This he did by representing poi…

Intuitive Idea of ProbabilityThe theory of probability was developed towards the end of the 18th century and its history suggests that it developed with the study of games and chance, such as rolling a dice, drawing a card, flipping a coin etc. ‘probabi…

Arc Length and Radian Measure(The arc length discussed on this page will be in relation to a circle.) An arc of a circle is a “portion” of the circumference of the circle.The length of an arc is simply the length of its “portion” of the circumference. A…